Ice Mummies: Inca Child Sacrifices Documentary Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Johan Reinhard's research?

  • Ancient Incan architecture
  • People's beliefs about mountains (correct)
  • Climate change in the Andes
  • The history of the Inca civilization
  • The mummies uncovered by Johan Reinhard date back to the time of the Aztecs.

    False

    What type of ritual is described as taking place high in the Andes?

    Deadly mountaintop ritual

    Johan Reinhard has been exploring Andean peaks for nearly _____ years.

    <p>twenty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals and themes with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Johan Reinhard = Anthropologist studying Andean cultures Sara Sara = Giant volcano in southern Peru Quilcata = Town at the base of Sara Sara Inca civilization = Great civilization that ruled the Andes 500 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the El Plomo boy's sacrifice?

    <p>To appease the gods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The El Plomo boy was discovered in the year 2000.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence suggests that the El Plomo boy was alive when he reached the mountaintop?

    <p>His frost-bitten fingers and swollen feet indicate he was alive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant reasons for the Incas' success in conquest?

    <p>Persuasion and incorporation of other tribes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The El Plomo boy is also known as a _______ cocha sacrifice.

    <p>capa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following items with their descriptions:

    <p>El Plomo boy = A frozen child sacrifice found in 1954 Juanita = The first frozen girl mummy found in 1995 Capa Cocha = Inca child sacrifice ceremony Johan Reinhard = Archaeologist who discovered Juanita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Incas practiced mountain worship primarily by remaining at the base of the mountains.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the capa cocha ritual among the Incas?

    <p>To sacrifice children to the mountain gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Incas' kingdom stretched from __________ to __________, rivaling the size of the Roman Empire.

    <p>Ecuador, Chile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Inca practices or beliefs with their descriptions:

    <p>Capa Cocha = Sacrificing children to mountain gods Machu Picchu = Majestic mountaintop retreat Inca textiles = Intricate woven fabrics Andean mountain worship = Worship from the summit of mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of Catholic monks when they came to the Andes?

    <p>To indoctrinate the natives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Andean traditions completely disappeared after the arrival of the Spanish monks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ceremonial offering is made to the mountain before excavation?

    <p>Llama fetuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Looters are also referred to as __________ in the content.

    <p>huaqeros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of Inca artifacts with their descriptions:

    <p>Shawl pins = Used as clasps for clothing or cloaks Capa cocha = Sacrificial offerings of children Llama fetuses = Offerings to mountain deities Burials = Final resting places found at high altitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were artifacts found on the surface problematic for archaeologists?

    <p>They indicate that previous excavations may have occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mountains in the Andes are considered alive by the villagers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the workers on the excavation site find an object?

    <p>They work carefully to free it without damaging it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The freezing conditions in the excavation site make uncovering artifacts very __________.

    <p>challenging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological impact does the popular fame and publicity have on looters?

    <p>It encourages them to risk climbing to remote areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ice Mummies: Frozen in Heaven Documentary

    • The documentary explores the mysteries of Inca child sacrifices in the Andes mountains.
    • The main focus is on the research of anthropologist Johan Reinhard who has been studying Andean mountains for over 16 years.
    • Reinhard is searching for Inca ruins on Mount Sara Sara in southern Peru.
    • The Incas believed that mountains held supernatural powers and were key to their cosmology.
    • The Inca Empire ruled the Andes for 500 years and extended from Ecuador to Chile, rivaling the size of the Roman Empire.
    • The Incas were known for their architectural achievements, including Machu Picchu.
    • William Conklin, an Inca scholar specializing in textiles, believes that the Incas were clever imperialists, using persuasion and incorporating conquered tribes into their empire.
    • The Incas, unlike previous Andean cultures, believed in climbing to the top of mountains for religious rituals.
    • Reinhard's team discovers Wari artifacts and human remains in a cave on Mount Sara Sara, which predate the Inca civilization.
    • Reinhard's team finds Inca ruins on the summit of Mount Sara Sara, including a staging area used for journeys up the mountain.
    • The documentary raises questions about the accuracy of Spanish chronicles, which are the main source of information about the Incas.
    • Sonia Guillen, a leading expert on mummified bodies, believes that the Spanish chronicles exaggerate some aspects of Inca practices.
    • The El Plomo boy, an Inca child mummy found in 1954 on a mountaintop in Chile, provides evidence of the Inca ritual of capa cocha, the sacrifice of children to the mountain gods.
    • The El Plomo boy's body was well adorned with Inca textiles and jewelry, including small pouches containing his baby teeth and nail clippings.
    • Dr. Silvia Quevedo Kawasaki, a conservationist from Peru, describes the El Plomo boy’s body as being well preserved and still embodying the energy of the people who sacrificed him to the gods.
    • The documentary highlights the distinction between Inca human sacrifice and that of other civilizations like the Aztecs, emphasizing that Inca sacrifices were done in a highly ritualized manner.
    • The Incas believed that children were pure and considered them to be the best emissaries to the deities.
    • The Spanish chroniclers detail the ceremonies involved in the capa cocha ritual, including the long journeys that children took to the mountains.
    • The El Plomo boy's body shows signs of a long journey, including calluses on his feet, swollen feet, and frost-bitten fingers.
    • Johan Reinhard discovered Juanita, a frozen girl, on Mount Ampato in 1995, providing further evidence of child sacrifice.
    • The documentary highlights the challenges of working on Mount Sara Sara at high altitudes and in difficult conditions.
    • Reinhard’s team encounters frozen gravel and rock hard conditions, hampering their excavation efforts.
    • The team discovers silver Inca shawl pins on the surface of the ground, suggesting that the site may have been looted.
    • The documentary explores the issue of huaqeros, grave robbers who loot ancient Inca artifacts and desecrate graves.
    • The documentary concludes with a discussion of the impact of Spanish conquest on Inca traditions, including the destruction of sacred sites and the suppression of ancient beliefs.
    • The documentary suggests that Inca traditions have merged with Christian beliefs, creating a unique blend of religious practices in the Andes.
    • The documentary demonstrates a shift in perspective, encouraging viewers to see the Andes mountains as living entities, as the villagers do.

    Inca Child Sacrifice

    • Inca burials are often found in remote and inaccessible locations.
    • Looting is a major threat to these sites.
    • Dynamite has been used to access artifacts in some burials.
    • An ear was discovered in a wall at 20,000 feet, blown off by looters.
    • Ancient artifacts are very valuable and highly sought after.
    • Excavations at Sara Sara, a mountain peak in the Andes, were attempting to find and conserve Inca burial sites.
    • Excavations were hampered by difficult weather conditions, including a fierce lightning storm.
    • Mountain peaks in the Andes were considered sacred by the Inca, and offerings were made to appease the mountain gods.
    • Grass and trees do not grow at high altitudes, so they must have been carried up the mountain, likely by the Incas.
    • One well-preserved capa cocha child, a young boy, was found on Mount Aconcagua, the tallest peak in the Western Hemisphere.
    • The Aconcagua boy's body was found with achiote, a red dye, in his intestines and vomit, suggesting he was distressed in his last moments.
    • The Aconcagua boy was tightly wrapped in textiles, causing broken ribs and a dislocated pelvis.
    • The El Plomo boy from Chile was found in a peaceful state, indicating different burial sacrifices.
    • Juanita, a capa cocha mummy discovered on Mount Ampato, was CAT scanned, revealing a skull fracture on the right side of her head.
    • The CAT scan suggests Juanita was killed by a blow to the head, likely with a rock or a club.
    • Juanita's internal organs and textiles will help scientists learn about her life and her culture.
    • Juanita's tomb, originally a ceremonial burial place, had been destroyed by landslides, and her body had rolled down the mountain.
    • Johan Reinhard, the archaeologist leading the excavation, hoped that the perfect capa cocha burial would be found at Sara Sara.
    • A silver llama figurine was found on the main platform at Sara Sara, suggesting the possibility of a burial underneath.
    • A female silver statue was found, mirroring the designs used in previous Capa Cocha discoveries.
    • Seven artifacts were found on the mountain, including silver and gold figurines.
    • A seashell llama figure, made from a spondylus shell found in Ecuador, suggests trade routes used by the Incas.
    • A mummy was found in a tomb on the eastern side of Sara Sara, along with offerings and textiles.
    • The mummy was identified as female by the presence of a shawl pin.
    • The mummy, named Sarita, was dressed in everyday clothing, suggesting she was not of royal lineage.
    • Sarita was found to be approximately fifteen years old, older than originally estimated.
    • X-rays revealed that Sarita, like Juanita, was killed by a blow to the head.
    • The discoveries at Sara Sara provide more information about the capa cocha practice.
    • Capa cocha children were chosen for sacrifice to appease the emperor and the mountain gods.
    • The children traveled to sacred peaks, reaching great heights before being sacrificed.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fascinating documentary 'Ice Mummies,' which delves into the secrets of Inca child sacrifices in the Andes. Explore anthropologist Johan Reinhard's research, Inca beliefs about mountains, and their architectural feats as you learn about this intriguing ancient civilization.

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