ICD-10 Guidelines for Mental Retardation

ICD-10 Guidelines for Mental Retardation

• Mental retardation is defined as a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, characterized by impairments of skills manifested in the developmental period.
• Impairments include cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities.

Severity of Mental Retardation (ICD-10)

• Mild: delayed speech acquisition, but eventual ability to use everyday speech; independent self-care; main problems in academic settings.
• Moderate: delayed speech acquisition with ultimate deficits in language use and comprehension; few acquire numeracy and literacy; occasionally capable of simple supervised work.
• Severe: similar to moderate, but with lower levels of achievement of visuospatial, language, or social skills; marked motor impairment and associated deficits.
• Profound: comprehension and use of language very limited; basic skills limited at best; organic aetiology clear in most cases; severe neurological and physical disabilities affecting mobility common.

DSM-5 Criteria for Intellectual Disability

• Deficits in intellectual functions confirmed by clinical judgement and individualized standardized intelligence testing.
• Deficits in adaptive functioning resulting in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility.
• Without support, these deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life across multiple environments.

Assessment of Severity (DSM-5)

• Conceptual domain: language, reading, writing, maths, reasoning, knowledge, and memory.
• Social domain: empathy, social judgement, communication skills, ability to make and retain friendships.
• Practical domain: personal care, job responsibilities, money management, recreation, school tasks.

Understand the ICD-10 definition of mental retardation, including its characteristics and symptoms. Learn about the effects on cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities.