IBD Comorbidities and Extraintestinal Manifestations Quiz

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What is the typical duration of mesalamine therapy for induction of remission in active proctitis and distal ulcerative colitis?

8-16 weeks (correct)

16-24 weeks

4-8 weeks

2-4 weeks

What is the typical response time to local therapy with mesalamine?

Within 21-28 days

Within 14-21 days

Within 7-14 days (correct)

Within 3-7 days

What percentage of orally administered sulfasalazine (a mesalamine prodrug) is absorbed in the small intestine?

30-40%

20-30% (correct)

10-20%

40-50%

What happens to the remaining 70% of the orally administered sulfasalazine that reaches the colon?

It is metabolized by bacterial enzymes to generate mesalamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosing regimen for mesalamine suppositories?

Three times daily Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosing regimen for mesalamine enemas?

Once daily at bedtime Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present the antigen(s) to CD4+ lymphocytes and secrete cytokines like IL-12 and IL-23?

Antigen-presenting cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of regulatory TH17 and TReg cells in the GI tract?

They limit immune and inflammatory responses Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines drive the expansion of regulatory T-cell subsets?

TGF-β and IL-6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic array of cytokines produced by TH1 cells?

IFN-γ and TNF-α Signup and view all the answers

How do macrophages positively regulate TH1 cells?

By secreting additional cytokines like IFN-γ and TNF-α Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cell adhesion molecules like integrins in the infiltration of leukocytes?

They are important in the infiltration of leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are the common psychological manifestations associated with IBD?

Anxiety and depression Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is a serious extraintestinal manifestation of IBD, usually associated with ulcerative colitis?

Primary sclerosing cholangitis Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer in individuals with chronic, severe IBD?

Colorectal polyps Signup and view all the answers

What is the common immune response abnormality in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis?

Aberrant immune response to gut microbiota Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions in Crohn’s disease exhibit marked infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages, granuloma formation, and submucosal fibrosis?

Transmural lesions Signup and view all the answers

In ulcerative colitis, what type of infiltrates are commonly observed in the superficial lesions?

Lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of excretion for methotrexate?

In the urine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications may increase treatment-related toxicity of methotrexate by inhibiting its renal excretion?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

What are common manifestations of methotrexate toxicity?

Nausea and CNS symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cyclosporine in IBD treatment?

It is used to avoid emergent colectomy Signup and view all the answers

Why is careful monitoring necessary for cyclosporine levels during treatment?

To maintain a specific therapeutic level Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect limits the use of cyclosporine as a first-line medication in IBD?

Significant adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of S1PR agonists?

Inhibiting the movement of lymphocytes from lymph nodes to sites of tissue injury Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors does ozanimod act on?

S1PR1 and S1PR5 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the therapeutic uses of ozanimod besides multiple sclerosis?

Ulcerative colitis Signup and view all the answers

How is ozanimod supplied for administration?

Orally in pill form Signup and view all the answers

When do peak plasma levels of ozanimod occur?

6-8 hours after ingestion Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a key factor in the development of IBD according to recent research?

Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome Signup and view all the answers