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Questions and Answers
_____ is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives.
_____ is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives.
The three basic elements in the process of motivation are:
The three basic elements in the process of motivation are:
The first assumption about the motivation process is that it is:
The first assumption about the motivation process is that it is:
In China _____ is an important need and _____ is a goal.
In China _____ is an important need and _____ is a goal.
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The factors Welsh, Luthans and Sommer observed among the Russian workforce that seemed to increase worker performance are:
The factors Welsh, Luthans and Sommer observed among the Russian workforce that seemed to increase worker performance are:
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Work-motivation theories can be broken down into two general categories which are:
Work-motivation theories can be broken down into two general categories which are:
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Work-motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes or initiates employee behavior are explained by:
Work-motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes or initiates employee behavior are explained by:
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Process theories of work motivation:
Process theories of work motivation:
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Most research in international human resource management has been _____, because these theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in a particular country or region.
Most research in international human resource management has been _____, because these theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in a particular country or region.
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The hierarchy-of-needs theory is based primarily on work by _____; a well-known U.S. psychologist now deceased.
The hierarchy-of-needs theory is based primarily on work by _____; a well-known U.S. psychologist now deceased.
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Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs, which constitute a need hierarchy. In ascending order, beginning with the most basic, they are:
Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs, which constitute a need hierarchy. In ascending order, beginning with the most basic, they are:
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The following needs are correctly matched with their descriptions except:
The following needs are correctly matched with their descriptions except:
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Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its description?
Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its description?
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The desire to fulfill one's basic needs of food, clothing and shelter are included in:
The desire to fulfill one's basic needs of food, clothing and shelter are included in:
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The need to interact and affiliate with and, to feel wanted by others are included in:
The need to interact and affiliate with and, to feel wanted by others are included in:
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The needs for power and status come under:
The needs for power and status come under:
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A basic assumption of Maslow's theory is that:
A basic assumption of Maslow's theory is that:
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Researchers have suggested that Maslow's theory needs a(n):
Researchers have suggested that Maslow's theory needs a(n):
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The Haire and follow-up studies dealt only with:
The Haire and follow-up studies dealt only with:
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The tables from Hofstede's research show that _____ needs rank highest for professionals and managers.
The tables from Hofstede's research show that _____ needs rank highest for professionals and managers.
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Researchers like Hofstede recommended that lower-level personnel should be given:
Researchers like Hofstede recommended that lower-level personnel should be given:
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The top-ranking goal for professional technical personnel from various countries is:
The top-ranking goal for professional technical personnel from various countries is:
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The least important goal for professional technical personnel from various countries is:
The least important goal for professional technical personnel from various countries is:
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The two-factor theory was formulated by well-known work-motivation theorist:
The two-factor theory was formulated by well-known work-motivation theorist:
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The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction. These are:
The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction. These are:
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In the two-factor motivation theory, the job content factors which include achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and the work itself are referred to as:
In the two-factor motivation theory, the job content factors which include achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and the work itself are referred to as:
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Hygiene factors include all of the following except:
Hygiene factors include all of the following except:
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Salary under Herzberg's theory is:
Salary under Herzberg's theory is:
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The following is not a motivator:
The following is not a motivator:
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Which researcher concluded that 'the Herzberg model appears to have validity across occupational levels'?
Which researcher concluded that 'the Herzberg model appears to have validity across occupational levels'?
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A number of research efforts have been undertaken to replicate the two-factor theory and they:
A number of research efforts have been undertaken to replicate the two-factor theory and they:
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In an Israeli kibbutz, the following hygiene factor was regarded as a source of satisfaction rather than dissatisfaction:
In an Israeli kibbutz, the following hygiene factor was regarded as a source of satisfaction rather than dissatisfaction:
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The most important motivational variable in Zambia is:
The most important motivational variable in Zambia is:
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Herzberg-type motivators are of more importance to job satisfaction in:
Herzberg-type motivators are of more importance to job satisfaction in:
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In work motivation, factors controlled by the organization, such as conditions, hours, earnings, security, benefits and promotions are referred to as:
In work motivation, factors controlled by the organization, such as conditions, hours, earnings, security, benefits and promotions are referred to as:
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In work motivation, factors internally controlled, such as responsibility, achievement and the work itself are referred to as:
In work motivation, factors internally controlled, such as responsibility, achievement and the work itself are referred to as:
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_____ theory holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead, to attain success and to reach objectives.
_____ theory holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead, to attain success and to reach objectives.
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Achievement motivation theory is associated with the work of Harvard psychologist:
Achievement motivation theory is associated with the work of Harvard psychologist:
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According to the theory of achievement motivation, all of the following are characteristics of high achievers except:
According to the theory of achievement motivation, all of the following are characteristics of high achievers except:
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The theory that focuses on how motivation is affected by people's perception of how fairly they are being treated is the:
The theory that focuses on how motivation is affected by people's perception of how fairly they are being treated is the:
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The theory that focuses on how individuals go about setting goals and responding to them and the overall impact of this process on motivation is:
The theory that focuses on how individuals go about setting goals and responding to them and the overall impact of this process on motivation is:
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Expectancy theory postulates all of the following except:
Expectancy theory postulates all of the following except:
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_____ consists of a job's content, the methods that are used on the job and the way in which the job relates to others in the organization.
_____ consists of a job's content, the methods that are used on the job and the way in which the job relates to others in the organization.
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In the context of job design and work centrality, the acronym QWL stands for:
In the context of job design and work centrality, the acronym QWL stands for:
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A worker's QWL is directly related to his or her country's:
A worker's QWL is directly related to his or her country's:
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_____ designs are job designs that blend personnel and technology.
_____ designs are job designs that blend personnel and technology.
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The importance of work in an individual's life relative to other areas of interest is referred to as:
The importance of work in an individual's life relative to other areas of interest is referred to as:
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One reason that Americans and Japanese work such long hours is due to:
One reason that Americans and Japanese work such long hours is due to:
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'Balance in synergy' would require a moving away from all of the following except:
'Balance in synergy' would require a moving away from all of the following except:
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To motivate employees, especially in foreign countries with high individualism companies tend to offer:
To motivate employees, especially in foreign countries with high individualism companies tend to offer:
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Study Notes
Motivation Concepts
- Definition of Motivation: Psychological process where unsatisfied needs create drives aimed at goals or incentives.
- Basic Elements of Motivation: Needs, drives, and goal attainment are fundamental to understanding motivation.
- Assumptions in Motivation: Motivation is considered a universal process, transcending cultural and regional distinctions.
Cultural Context of Motivation
- Chinese Motivation: Group affiliation is a significant need, while harmony is often the goal.
- Russian Workforce Factors: Value of extrinsic rewards coupled with behavioral management enhances worker performance.
Motivation Theory Categories
- The Categories: Work motivation theories fall into content and process categories.
- Content Theories: Explain the nature of motivators that instigate employee behavior.
- Process Theories: Detail how behavior is initiated and energized in the workplace.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Foundational Theory: Developed by Abraham Maslow; includes five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization in ascending order of importance.
- Misconception: Physiological needs are not merely social needs, and self-actualization focuses on personal potential versus power/status.
Two-Factor Theory
- Herzberg's Theory: Two sets of factors influence job satisfaction: hygiene factors and motivators.
- Job Content vs. Context: Job content factors (achievement, recognition) contribute to satisfaction, while context factors (salary, working conditions) are essential for preventing dissatisfaction.
High Achievers and Performance
- Traits of High Achievers: Preference for accountability in problem-solving, desire for feedback on performance, and tendency towards moderate risk-taking.
- Equity Theory: Emphasizes the perceived fairness of treatment influencing motivation.
Goal-Setting and Expectancy Theories
- Goal-Setting Theory: Focuses on how individuals set and respond to goals, impacting motivation.
- Expectancy Theory: Suggests that effort leads to performance, performance results in outcomes, and the value of outcomes to the individual is crucial.
Quality of Work Life (QWL)
- Definition: QWL relates to an individual's job satisfaction and well-being influenced by their country's culture.
- Job Design: Integrates personnel and technology for improved workplace dynamics.
Work Centrality
- Significance of Work: A person's work relative to other life areas is critical for understanding work's role in their life.
- Cultural Differences: Differences in work attitudes can affect work hours and expectations between cultures, such as high costs of living influencing long work hours in the U.S. and Japan.
Motivational Strategies
- Incentives in Individualistic Cultures: Organizations in highly individualistic countries tend to offer financial incentives to motivate employees effectively.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in Chapter 12 of IBC, focusing on motivation and its components. The flashcards cover essential terms and definitions relevant to understanding psychological processes related to motivation. Prepare to enhance your grasp of this important material!
