Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a comment in an assembly instruction?
What is the purpose of a comment in an assembly instruction?
- To provide clarity and description for the instruction. (correct)
- To terminate the instruction.
- To perform a memory operation.
- To indicate the instruction's operand.
What is the correct sequence of steps for creating an executable program from source code?
What is the correct sequence of steps for creating an executable program from source code?
- Edit, debug, link, assemble.
- Assemble, edit, link, debug.
- Edit, assemble, link, debug. (correct)
- Debug, assemble, edit, link.
What does the linker do in the program development process?
What does the linker do in the program development process?
- Combines object files and libraries to create an executable. (correct)
- Translates the assembly code into machine code.
- Creates the assembly source code from machine code.
- Generates a symbol table for the assembler.
What type of file does the assembler create from the source assembly file?
What type of file does the assembler create from the source assembly file?
Which of the following statements about instruction mnemonics is true?
Which of the following statements about instruction mnemonics is true?
What directive should replace the INCLUDE directive for the ExitProcess function?
What directive should replace the INCLUDE directive for the ExitProcess function?
What purpose does the PROTO directive serve in an assembly program?
What purpose does the PROTO directive serve in an assembly program?
When linking the program, which library is addsub.obj linked to because of the ExitProcess function?
When linking the program, which library is addsub.obj linked to because of the ExitProcess function?
Which directive is responsible for marking the end of an assembly program?
Which directive is responsible for marking the end of an assembly program?
What resultant files are produced after the program is assembled?
What resultant files are produced after the program is assembled?
What happens after removing the INCLUDE directive in the assembly program?
What happens after removing the INCLUDE directive in the assembly program?
What is the role of the EIP register in assembly programming?
What is the role of the EIP register in assembly programming?
What types of files does the linker generate during the linking process?
What types of files does the linker generate during the linking process?
What does the /debug option do when used with the linker?
What does the /debug option do when used with the linker?
What command should be typed in the Command Prompt to run the Windows Debugger for the addsub.exe program?
What command should be typed in the Command Prompt to run the Windows Debugger for the addsub.exe program?
Which key combination is used to step through the execution of the main procedure in the Windows Debugger?
Which key combination is used to step through the execution of the main procedure in the Windows Debugger?
What happens when you replace the exit macro with 'push 0' and 'call ExitProcess'?
What happens when you replace the exit macro with 'push 0' and 'call ExitProcess'?
What is required to customize the register display in the Windows Debugger?
What is required to customize the register display in the Windows Debugger?
Why should the Irvine32.inc file not be included when replacing the exit macro?
Why should the Irvine32.inc file not be included when replacing the exit macro?
What should you observe in the EAX register during debugging?
What should you observe in the EAX register during debugging?
What does the command INVOKE ExitProcess, 0 essentially translate to in assembly language?
What does the command INVOKE ExitProcess, 0 essentially translate to in assembly language?
Flashcards
Linker options (/debug and /map)
Linker options (/debug and /map)
Linker options used to add debugging information (/debug) and generate a map file (/map) in the executable.
make32.bat
make32.bat
A batch file used for assembling and linking 32-bit programs; simplifies compilation process.
windbg
windbg
A Windows debugger used to step through and examine a program's execution.
EAX register
EAX register
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program termination
program termination
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ExitProcess function
ExitProcess function
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push 0
push 0
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call ExitProcess
call ExitProcess
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ExitProcess PROTO
ExitProcess PROTO
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32-bit memory address
32-bit memory address
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PROTO directive
PROTO directive
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INCLUDE directive
INCLUDE directive
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32-bit general-purpose registers
32-bit general-purpose registers
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Assembly Language Instructions
Assembly Language Instructions
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Operands
Operands
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Assembler
Assembler
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Linker
Linker
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Object (.obj) File
Object (.obj) File
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Study Notes
IA-32 Processor Architecture
- Intel introduced the 8086 processor in 1979
- 20-bit address bus, 16-bit data bus
- Maximum physical memory: 1MB
- Used segmentation to address memory
- Segment size restricted to 64KB
- Later IA-32 (32-bit) processors address up to 4GB of memory
Basic Program Execution Registers
- Eight 32-bit general-purpose registers (EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, EBP, ESP)
- 32-bit register holds processor flags (EFLAGS)
- 32-bit instruction pointer (EIP)
- General purpose registers used for arithmetic and data movement
- Registers can be 32-bit or 16-bit (e.g., AX is a 16-bit register, and can also be addressed as AH and AL)
FLAT Memory Model and Protected-Address Mode
- Used in 32-bit operating systems
- Addresses up to 4GB of memory
- All code and data in a single 32-bit address space
- Linear 32-bit addresses used to access program instructions and data in memory
FLAT Memory Model Program Template
- Template for assembly language programs includes executable instructions, assembler directives, and macros
- Title line (optional), line comments (optional and crucial for understanding), other directives
- Defines code and data sections, variable declarations
- Example includes
.686,.MODEL FLAT, STDCALL,.STACK,INCLUDE Irvine32.inc,.DATA(variables),.CODE(main procedure, instructions)exit,END main main PROCandmain ENDPdefine the main procedure.
Assembling, Linking, and Debugging Programs
- Use ML.exe to assemble source code to object (.obj) file
- Use LINK32.exe to link object code with libraries to produce executable (.exe)
- Debuggers allow tracing and examination of program execution and modification
- Example commands (ML, LINK32, windbg with addsub.asm)
Review Questions
- Names of 32-bit, 16-bit, and 8-bit general-purpose registers
- Purposes of EAX, EIP, ESP registers
- Memory address bits in FLAT memory model
- Purpose and use of INCLUDE, .CODE, END, PROTO directives
- Types of files made by assembler and linker
Programming Exercises
- Program to sum four integers in EAX, EBX, ECX, and EDX registers and trace
- Rewrite previous program using AX, BX, CX, and DX registers.
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts of IA-32 processor architecture, including the introduction of the 8086 processor and its memory addressing capabilities. It also delves into basic program execution registers and the flat memory model used in 32-bit operating systems. Test your knowledge on the essential components and functionality of IA-32 processors.
