Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which one of the following best describes simple diffusion?
Which one of the following best describes simple diffusion?
- Relying on transporter or carrier proteins for movement
- Active movement of substances using cellular ATP energy
- Movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration
- Passive movement of substances using kinetic energy (correct)
Which type of substances is simple diffusion applicable to?
Which type of substances is simple diffusion applicable to?
- Hydrophobic substances only
- Substances that are fully permeable to the membrane (correct)
- Substances that are partially permeable to the membrane
- Polar substances only
What is the direction of movement in simple diffusion?
What is the direction of movement in simple diffusion?
- From highly negative charged molecule to positive charge area
- From low concentration to high concentration
- From positive charged molecule to highly negative charge area
- From high concentration to low concentration (correct)
Which type of transmembrane protein is involved in facilitated diffusion?
Which type of transmembrane protein is involved in facilitated diffusion?
What is the driving force for facilitated diffusion?
What is the driving force for facilitated diffusion?
What is the main difference between pores and gated protein channels in facilitated diffusion?
What is the main difference between pores and gated protein channels in facilitated diffusion?
Which type of primary active transport utilizes phosphorylation?
Which type of primary active transport utilizes phosphorylation?
Which ion is pumped out by the Na+-K+ ATPase?
Which ion is pumped out by the Na+-K+ ATPase?
What is the main function of the Na+-K+ ATPase?
What is the main function of the Na+-K+ ATPase?
Which type of transport utilizes ATP energy indirectly?
Which type of transport utilizes ATP energy indirectly?
What is the direction of movement in counter-transporters?
What is the direction of movement in counter-transporters?
Why is osmolarity still commonly used despite osmolality being the preferred unit in physiology?
Why is osmolarity still commonly used despite osmolality being the preferred unit in physiology?
Which type of solution has the same osmolality as the compared solution?
Which type of solution has the same osmolality as the compared solution?
Which direction does water move between hypo-osmolar and hyper-osmolar solutions?
Which direction does water move between hypo-osmolar and hyper-osmolar solutions?
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Which of the following best describes the ΔF508 mutation in Cystic Fibrosis?
Which of the following best describes the ΔF508 mutation in Cystic Fibrosis?
What is the known mechanism of disease in Cystic Fibrosis?
What is the known mechanism of disease in Cystic Fibrosis?
In healthy cells, what is the function of CFTR protein?
In healthy cells, what is the function of CFTR protein?
Which type of genetic disease is Cystic Fibrosis classified as?
Which type of genetic disease is Cystic Fibrosis classified as?
What is the specific mutation that causes Cystic Fibrosis?
What is the specific mutation that causes Cystic Fibrosis?
What is the known mechanism of disease in Cystic Fibrosis?
What is the known mechanism of disease in Cystic Fibrosis?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for protection from the external environment and prevention of dessication?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for protection from the external environment and prevention of dessication?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for absorption in the intestine?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for absorption in the intestine?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for filtration in the lining of kidney tubules?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for filtration in the lining of kidney tubules?
Which type of junctions link epithelial cells to one another and the basal lamina?
Which type of junctions link epithelial cells to one another and the basal lamina?
What is the main characteristic of epithelial cells in terms of vascularity?
What is the main characteristic of epithelial cells in terms of vascularity?
What is the term for the different functions associated with the apical, lateral, and basal domains of epithelial cells?
What is the term for the different functions associated with the apical, lateral, and basal domains of epithelial cells?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for absorption and filtration in capillaries and alveoli?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for absorption and filtration in capillaries and alveoli?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for absorption and secretion in the digestive tract and gallbladder?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for absorption and secretion in the digestive tract and gallbladder?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for barrier and protection in the skin, oral cavity, upper throat, and esophagus?
Which type of epithelial tissue is responsible for barrier and protection in the skin, oral cavity, upper throat, and esophagus?
Which cytoskeletal proteins are found in microvilli?
Which cytoskeletal proteins are found in microvilli?
What is the main function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
What is the main function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
What is the role of keratin in the skin?
What is the role of keratin in the skin?
Which function of epithelial tissue involves the prevention of dessication?
Which function of epithelial tissue involves the prevention of dessication?
Which function of epithelial tissue involves the transfer of gases in the alveoli?
Which function of epithelial tissue involves the transfer of gases in the alveoli?
Which function of epithelial tissue involves the absorption of nutrients in the intestine?
Which function of epithelial tissue involves the absorption of nutrients in the intestine?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for the initial generation of an action potential?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for the initial generation of an action potential?
Which type of neuron has a single process extending from the cell body?
Which type of neuron has a single process extending from the cell body?
Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion?
What is the main function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the main function of the somatic nervous system?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for integrating autonomic sensory information with effector commands from the hypothalamus?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for integrating autonomic sensory information with effector commands from the hypothalamus?
Which control center is involved in homeostatic control and can modify brainstem control pathways?
Which control center is involved in homeostatic control and can modify brainstem control pathways?
Which control center controls emotional and motivational control centers and can influence physiological responses?
Which control center controls emotional and motivational control centers and can influence physiological responses?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and controlling the internal environment of the body?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and controlling the internal environment of the body?
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
Which outflow of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is associated with the parasympathetic division?
Which outflow of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is associated with the parasympathetic division?
Which type of neurons secrete ACh in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Which type of neurons secrete ACh in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Which neurotransmitters are NOT released by nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons?
Which neurotransmitters are NOT released by nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with the release of ACh by sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with the release of ACh by sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for bronchoconstriction in the lungs?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for bronchoconstriction in the lungs?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for dilation of the vascular smooth muscle?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for dilation of the vascular smooth muscle?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the arteries to the skin?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the arteries to the skin?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the arteries to the lung?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction in the arteries to the lung?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for dilation in the coronary arteries?
Which receptor subtype is responsible for dilation in the coronary arteries?
Which neurotransmitters are used by the autonomic nervous system to elicit different actions through specific receptor interactions?
Which neurotransmitters are used by the autonomic nervous system to elicit different actions through specific receptor interactions?
Which neurotransmitters have different affinities for similar receptors?
Which neurotransmitters have different affinities for similar receptors?
Which term is commonly associated with the abuse of drugs like ecstasy?
Which term is commonly associated with the abuse of drugs like ecstasy?
How is medicine defined?
How is medicine defined?
What is pharmacology?
What is pharmacology?
Which of the following best describes clinical pharmacology?
Which of the following best describes clinical pharmacology?
What is the main purpose of therapeutics?
What is the main purpose of therapeutics?
How would you define a drug?
How would you define a drug?
Which of the following best describes pharmacokinetics?
Which of the following best describes pharmacokinetics?
Where does drug absorption occur?
Where does drug absorption occur?
How is a drug eliminated from the body?
How is a drug eliminated from the body?
Which of the following best describes pharmacodynamics?
Which of the following best describes pharmacodynamics?
What is the main purpose of therapeutics?
What is the main purpose of therapeutics?
What is the therapeutic window?
What is the therapeutic window?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?
Which organelle is involved in the oxidation of organic molecules?
Which organelle is involved in the oxidation of organic molecules?
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules?
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules?
Which statement about the plasma membrane is true?
Which statement about the plasma membrane is true?
What is the function of proteins in the plasma membrane?
What is the function of proteins in the plasma membrane?
What is NOT the function of the glycocalyx in the plasma membrane?
What is NOT the function of the glycocalyx in the plasma membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
Which molecule contains genetic information and acts as a store for genetic information?
Which molecule contains genetic information and acts as a store for genetic information?
What provides functions key for life, such as enzymes, peptide hormones, and structural proteins?
What provides functions key for life, such as enzymes, peptide hormones, and structural proteins?
What is the role of genes in the genetic information of DNA?
What is the role of genes in the genetic information of DNA?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four bases found in DNA?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four bases found in DNA?
Which part of the DNA molecule is on the outside?
Which part of the DNA molecule is on the outside?
Which groove of the DNA double helix is easier to access for transcription factor binding?
Which groove of the DNA double helix is easier to access for transcription factor binding?
Which molecule is responsible for translating genetic information to proteins?
Which molecule is responsible for translating genetic information to proteins?
What is the main function of RNA?
What is the main function of RNA?
Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA?
Which of the following is NOT a function of RNA?
Which base is not found in RNA?
Which base is not found in RNA?
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
What is the charge of RNA?
What is the charge of RNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA molecule during replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA molecule during replication?
Which enzyme adds RNA primers to initiate complementary base pairing during DNA replication?
Which enzyme adds RNA primers to initiate complementary base pairing during DNA replication?
Which enzyme seals breaks in DNA strands during replication?
Which enzyme seals breaks in DNA strands during replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing DNA in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing DNA in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis on the leading strand during DNA replication?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis on the leading strand during DNA replication?
Which of the following is the main function of chromosomes?
Which of the following is the main function of chromosomes?
What is the structure of chromosomes that enables tight packaging of DNA?
What is the structure of chromosomes that enables tight packaging of DNA?
Why is accurate distribution of DNA important during cell division?
Why is accurate distribution of DNA important during cell division?
Which cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes?
Which cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes?
What does acetylation of DNA do?
What does acetylation of DNA do?
What does methylation of DNA do?
What does methylation of DNA do?
Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for turning off gene expression in cells?
Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for turning off gene expression in cells?
What is the role of transcription factor proteins in gene expression?
What is the role of transcription factor proteins in gene expression?
Why is it important for specific cells to express only a subset of the entire genome?
Why is it important for specific cells to express only a subset of the entire genome?
Which of the following is an example of a triose?
Which of the following is an example of a triose?
Which polysaccharide is primarily composed of a-1,4 glycosidic bonds?
Which polysaccharide is primarily composed of a-1,4 glycosidic bonds?
Which of the following is responsible for the branching in glycogen?
Which of the following is responsible for the branching in glycogen?
Which of the following is a pentose sugar?
Which of the following is a pentose sugar?
Which of the following is a hexose sugar?
Which of the following is a hexose sugar?
Which of the following is NOT a function of glycosylation of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of glycosylation of proteins?
What is the basic structure of mucin?
What is the basic structure of mucin?
What allows the polymerisation of mucin via disulfide bonds?
What allows the polymerisation of mucin via disulfide bonds?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of DNA to RNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of DNA to RNA?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of translation?
Which cellular component carries out the translation process?
Which cellular component carries out the translation process?
Which enzyme is responsible for adding multiple adenine nucleotides to the end of the mRNA transcript, resulting in the poly-A tail?
Which enzyme is responsible for adding multiple adenine nucleotides to the end of the mRNA transcript, resulting in the poly-A tail?
What is the function of the capping enzyme mRNA guanylyltransferase?
What is the function of the capping enzyme mRNA guanylyltransferase?
Which process involves the removal of introns and joining of exons in the pre-mRNA molecule?
Which process involves the removal of introns and joining of exons in the pre-mRNA molecule?
Which enzyme is responsible for the enzymatic activities of RNA polymerases during transcription?
Which enzyme is responsible for the enzymatic activities of RNA polymerases during transcription?
What is the role of mRNA processing mechanisms in gene expression?
What is the role of mRNA processing mechanisms in gene expression?
Which components interact in the process of translation (protein synthesis)?
Which components interact in the process of translation (protein synthesis)?
