Writing Systems

• Korean language uses a unique writing system called Hangul, consisting of 14 consonants and 10 vowels.
• Hangul is considered one of the most scientifically designed and easiest to learn writing systems in the world.

Grammar

• Korean language has a subject-object-verb word order.
• Korean grammar is highly inflected, with many grammatical markers and honorifics used to indicate social relationships and respect.

Vocabulary

• Korean vocabulary is composed of:
  • Native Korean words (approx. 35%)
  • Chinese loanwords (approx. 60%)
  • Foreign loanwords (approx. 5%)

Dialects

• There are several dialects of Korean, including:
  • Standard Korean (based on the Seoul dialect)
  • Regional dialects (e.g. Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Chungcheong)
  • North Korean dialect (used in North Korea)

History

• Korean language has a long history, with the oldest known texts dating back to the 5th century.
• Korean language was heavily influenced by Chinese during the Goryeo dynasty (918-1392 CE).
• Hangul was created in the 15th century to promote literacy among common people.

Features

• Korean language is known for its:
  • Complex system of honorifics and politeness levels
  • Use of grammatical particles to indicate sentence structure
  • Rich vocabulary with many homophones

Importance

• Korean language is an official language in both South Korea and North Korea.
• Korean language is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, with many language learners interested in K-pop and Korean culture.

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