CRM 2313 midterm review week 1
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What is the goal of this course

critical analysis of drug policy issues

What is The Impact of Laws on Managing Drug Issues?

  • Even well-intentioned laws can sometimes be inappropriate (correct)
  • Even not well-intentioned laws can sometimes be inappropriate
  • Even well-intentioned laws can sometimes be appropriate
  • Even well-intentioned laws can sometimes not be inappropriate
  • “The least dangerous type of drug abuse is the political abuse of drugs.”

    False

    Why are some drugs illegal? (what type of harm/danger, risk creating what (starts w/d), reduce what (starts w/p) where (W, SL, FL), promote what (starts w/v), give what (starts w/p), condemn what (starts w/p), (freebie, cultural, blank (starts w/r) and moral reasons), (fairness), perceived (in_______) of other means to (______) these harms/(starts w/i)

    <p>Because they cause direct or indirect harm/danger? ▪ Because they risk creating dependency? ▪ Because they reduce productivity at work, or interfere with social, family life? ▪ Because they promote violence? ▪ Because they give pleasure? Need to condemn pleasure? ▪ Cultural/moral/religious reasons? ▪ Fairness? ▪ Perceived inability of other means to reduce these harms? ▸Inconsistencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match to the correct one

    <p>Cultural/moral/religious reasons for making some drugs illegal = “Drug use is a sin that must be stopped.” ▪ “Drug use is immoral.” Harm/Danger - &quot;Contraindications&quot; = Bad things that happen when you take drugs. How should we respond to these bad things? Contraindications = If your goal is fitness &amp; health, [this drug] “should have no part in your life.” [The author] explains that using [this drug] is like “buying on credit” because after the drug triggers an initial energy release “by blocking normal shutoff mechanisms” there follows within one to three hours a hangover effect of under stimulation, motor impairment and mental inefficiency. Use of this drug, the author reports, is also linked to hypoglycemia, greater risk of coronary heart attack and stomach ulcer a &quot;psychoactive, addictive drug&quot;, A neuroactive drug that fosters dependency because of effects on the central nervous system, Risks miscarriage, osteoporosis, insomnia, anxiety, and addiction = Crosses the placenta and also filters into breast mink; scientists are particularly worried that it affects fetuses and infants just when brains and nervous systems are developing, may threaten developing bone mass in children, may be implicated in ADD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following to the correct answer

    <p>Too much caffeine = can kill you (teen dies from too much caffine) Your brain on caffeine = feel fuzzy-headed w/o your morning java when users accustomed to a daily average of 650 mg of caffeine (about three 12-ounce cups of coffee) went w/o their usual fix, visual and auditory activity in the brain was low. Giving them 250 mg of caffeine boosted activity-but only up to levels = to those of infrequent users who'd had no caffeine. &quot;if you regularly get a hefty dose,&quot; &quot;you need it for your brain to duction normally&quot; Another drug: These drugs are thought to cause 76000 hospitalizations and 7600 deaths per year in the US by causing gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.. . . &quot;The Food and Drug Administration believes anywhere from 10,000 to 20,000 deaths each year are the result of severe bleeding caused by these drugs.&quot; = Chronic use of [these] drugs can lead to severe gastrointestinal (GI) complications, such as ulcers. Fifty to 80 percent of the people hospitalized for GI bleeding take these drugs. Ulcers are found in about 15% of the people who use these drugs for at least 3 months. Ulcers can eventually lead to GI bleeding or may even perforate, spilling the contents of the stomach or small intestine into the sterile abdominal cavity. Every time they come in with bleeding, they have a 10% chance of dying A few people develop asthma, hay fever, nasal congestion, or hives from these drugs. These people should never take these drugs, nor should people who have active stomach or duodenal ulcers. Anyone who has ever had a peptic ulcer should be very careful about taking these drugs because they can lead to a recurrence = These drugs sometimes affect the normal function of the kidneys, or they can cause fluid to accumulate in the body. Some reports suggest a link between use of these drugs and reactivation of tuberculosis. An overdose can be fatal for a child or adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CHICAGO (AP) - Reports of dangerous side effects and deaths from widely used medicines almost tripled between 1998 and 2005, an analysis of U.S. drug data found. The number of deaths and serious injuries from prescription and over-the-counter drugs climbed from 34,966 to 89,842 during the study of reports to the Food and Drug Administration

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potent narcotic painkillers including Oxycontin, not sold generically as oxycodone, were among 15 drugs most often linked with deaths in the study. Drugs frequently linked with serious nonfatal complications included insulin, the arthritis drugs Vioxx and Remicade, and the antidepressant Paxil...

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    British drug regulators . . . recommended against the use of all but one of a new generation of antidepressants in the treatment of depressed children under 18. . . . Their effectiveness in treating depression in children, they said, has not been sufficiently demonstrated, and some drugs have been linked with suicidal thoughts and self-harm in children and adolescents

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ... Experts on the British agency's advisory committee estimated that 40,000 Britons under 18 were taking such drugs

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following correctly

    <p>danger as a justification for banning = all of the above/below Acceptable dangers = - sky diving - rock climbing - fast food, sugar - scuba diving - skiing - snowmobiling - some drugs (e.g., alcohol, tobacco) Unacceptable dangers = Some drugs - banned With great power = comes Great responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A new study from Boston University reveals that sugary soft drinks and juices can cause significant health problems and eventually cause death, and even faster than previously believed. Overall, there were 184,000 sugar-related deaths in 2010. In Canada, experts estimate that 1,600 deaths per year are attributed to sugar-sweetened beverages

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    The toxin in Botox products may spread to distant parts of the body, with potentially fatal consequences, Health Canada said ... in announcing new labelling information for the drugs. …People with a history of neurological disorders, swallowing difficulties or breathing problems should be extremely cautious about using the products, Health Canada said

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    Government health experts have renewed warnings to women not to take the medication () during pregnancy because the drug could cause severe birth defects. When taken by pregnant women it can cause brain, heart and facial defects in fetuses. Some babies exposed to the drug while in the womb have been born without ears.

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    Health Canada is advising men who take drugs for impotence and erectile dysfunction to seek immediate medical attention if they experience vision problems. Users of Viagra, Cialis and Levitra are at risk of a rare side effect called nonarthritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, caused when blood flow to the optic nerve is blocked. Symptoms include sudden and painless loss of vision in one or both eyes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following correctly

    <p>Sugar = Cancer Research UK and the UK Health Forum urged action to reduce the sugar intake of children and teenagers after its study found that not only could 700,000 new cases of cancer be linked to obesity and excess weight over the next 20 years, but so could millions of cases of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking = A review of studies by public health experts convened by WHO on 29 April 2020 found that smokers are more likely to develop severe disease with COVID-19, compared to non-smokers (may play a role in leading to schizophrenia) [In Nova Scotia] 25 percent of all pregnant women are smokers. = “Why are so many pregnant women smoking when doing so means putting their fetus at risk of future cognitive and behavioral problems, not to mention sudden infant death syndrome?” Danger = At least three Quebecers were killed in snowmobile incidents on Saturday, bringing the total of fatalities this season to 26 — the highest it’s been in at least seven years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol abuse is killing 2.5 million people each month and governments must do more to prevent it, the World Health Organization said

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some 4 per cent of all deaths worldwide are attributable to alcohol, the U.N. body said. The main causes of alcohol-related deaths are injuries incurred when drunk, cancer, liver cirrhosis, heart disease and stokes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The global body's second report on the subject in seven years recommended that governments raise alcohol taxes, restrict sales, promote alcoholism prevention and treatment programs, and ban some alcohol advertsing

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is correct

    <p>Making alcohol less-advertised, less affordable and less available would help to cut down on the burden of disease Rehm said, but so far, “our political system doesn’t want to do that.”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate of women who died from causes linked directly to alcohol has increased by 26 % since 2001, compared with a roughly five % increase over the same period for men, according to CIHI More Canadian women are drinking to the point where they end up in hospital, or even die from it, according to new statistics from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. “We have to take alcohol more seriously,” said Jurgen Rehm, senior director of the institute for mental health policy research.

    <p>Canadian women increasingly drinking themselves to death: report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An international study is warning that adults shouldn’t consume more than one alcoholic drink per day, and that drinking excessively could reduce life expectancy. The study combined results from 83 studies conducted in 19 countries, tracking nearly 6000,000 people who drank alcohol. The researchers found a higher risk of stroke, heart failure and other problems in people who drank heavily.

    <p>More than 1 alcoholic drink a day could take years off your life: study (2018)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research to update Canada's drinking guideline has found that there are no health benefits, only dangers, from alcohol

    <p>How many drinks a week are safe? Canada considers a much lower limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If adopted, the new guidelines would dramatically redefine low risk drinking

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The current guidelines, which date to 2011, set a limit of 10 drinks per week for women, ideally no more than two drinks a day, and 15 drinks per week for men, with no more than three drinks a day… For minimal to low risk, the researchers concluded that men and women shouldn’t exceed two drinks per week. The risk rises to moderate for people who have between three and six drinks a week. Every drink over seven a week causes a dramatic escalation in risk

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal studies show that a sustained pattern of bingelike drinking in adolescence affects memory, alters sensitivity to motor in adolescence affects memory, alters sensitivity

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of opiates and cannabis is usually considered to be unlikely to lead to psycho pharmacologically induced crime, and may even contribute to reducing it in some individuals, as these drugs (and tranquilizers) tend to reduce violent impulses and aggression. However, irritability associated with the withdrawal syndrome, as well as related mental health problems, may not be linked to increased violence

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    “The abuse of alcohol ? has taken on the characteristics of a plague –it is not only confined to men, but has even spread to women and children. The situation is becoming very dangerous. alcohol ? abuse ... takes the form of an imperious and irresistible craving”

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    Much of the existing research supports the view that there is a strong association between alcohol intoxication and psycho pharmacologically induced crime, especially violence. Following a long way behind alcohol in this regard are the stimulants — cocaine/crack and amphetamines.

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    adolescent alcohol use has the potential to trigger long-term biological changes that may alter their development as well as affect their immediate behavior. The resulting adverse outcomes may include mental disorders such as anxiety and depressive disorders. Early alcohol use may have detrimental effects on the developing brain, including neurocognitive impairment.

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    The group’s research also found that about half of Canadians are not aware of the link between alcohol and several types of cancer. Plus, she said, they greatly overestimate the size of a standard drink. The group’s research also found that about half of Canadians are not aware of the link between alcohol and several types of cancer. Plus, she said, they greatly overestimate the size of a standard drink

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    Match the following to thee correct response

    <p>Banning because of Risk of Dependency = &quot;It's a worse addiction than drugs, I'll tell you that,&quot; rocker Alice Cooper told Sound Wave Magazine last year. &quot;You should see some of the guys out there . . .. guys like Lou Reed, Iggy, Dylan, Neil Young. . . . Then you see Pantera, Megadeth, Metallica and all these bands . . ..&quot; Risk of Dependency = &quot;It's a worse addiction than drugs, I'll tell you that,&quot; rocker Alice Cooper told Sound Wave Magazine last year. &quot;You should see some of the guys out there playing. Guys like Lou Reed, Iggy, Dylan, Neil Young are out there playing. Then you see Pantera, Megadeth, Metallica and all these bands out playing golf. Everybody plays.&quot; Dependency - University Students and Media and Internet = many of [the students] said they learned from the study that relying on devices such as cellphones &quot;actually inhibited their ability to manage their lives as fully as they hoped,&quot; the authors reported. Some said they needed to curb their media habits, although they doubted they would succeed in doing so. rise up this morning = smile with the rising sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Those who are not in the process of developing a negative addiction show three signs. The first is a loss of interest in their family and family responsibilities as more and more time and concentration is used up in this pursuit. Typically, a person uses three to four hours per day at this point. Second, the person becomes more self-directed and less concerned about his or her vocation. The person is no longer concerned with achievements or promotions. “Such a point of view... may not only limit professional growth, but it can actually jeopardize one’s employment.”

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The third and most definitive sign... is a lack of concern with a person’s own bodily health. The final test of whether or not this addiction exists occurs when the person is told that he or she must stop because of a medical problem. The addict continues. The addict realizes that continued abuse will cause further damage, but needs the high.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ▪ Cocaine ▪ Caffeine ▪ Amphetamines in the military ▪ Drugs that promote enhanced intellectual ability ▪ What about other activities that affect productivity: Emails, smartphones

    <p>Reduced productivity as a justification for banning?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are correct

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hoo-Ah and Oo-Rah: energy bars. At meal times, troops in the field are offered PERCs (performance enhancing ration components) that include energy bars and sports drinks. Army personnel eat Hoo-Ah bars while the U.S. Marines enjoy Oo-Rah bars. Each bar includes the amount of caffeine found in a cup of coffee

    <p>Soldiers on Drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Banning Drugs for Producing Pleasure?

    <p>▪ Alcohol ▪ Anti-depressants ▪ Viagra ▪ Marijuana, cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, crystal meth. ▪ Chocolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activities that produce pleasure

    <p>a&amp;b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ▪Dr. Mary Holley, an obstetrician who runs the Albertville, Ala.- based Mothers Against Methamphetamine ministry, said her interviews with male and female meth addicts revealed that sex in the No. 1 reason people use it. "The effect of an IV hit of methamphetamine is the equivalent of 10 orgasms all on top of each other lasting for 30 minutes to an hour, with a feeling of arousal that lasts for another day and a half," said Holley. But the euphoric effects do not last long (starts w/m-pleasure)

    <p>Methamphetamine - pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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