Hypoxia Response in Bar-Headed Geese

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Why do many birds fail to fly at extremely high altitudes according to the text?

They have not evolved specialized traits for high-altitude flight.

They are unable to tolerate the hypoxia at high altitudes. (correct)

They do not have the necessary muscle capacity for high-altitude flight.

They lack the genetic programming for high-altitude flight.

What is suggested as a reason for bar-headed geese not changing their migration routes despite high altitudes?

Geological history of the Himalayas

Increased muscle capacity

Genetically programmed migration routes (correct)

Evolved specialized traits

How have bar-headed geese possibly evolved to cope with flying at high altitudes, according to the text?

Increased resistance to hypoxia

Avoiding high-altitude areas

Developed specialized traits over thousands of years (correct)

Decreased muscle capacity

What specific period in geological history is linked to the migration of bar-headed geese between South and Central Asia?

Late Pliocene or early Pleistocene Signup and view all the answers

Why have bar-headed geese evolved several specialized traits according to the text?

To sustain the high O2 requirements of flight at high altitudes Signup and view all the answers

What impact does a decrease in capillary PO2 along the length of capillaries have on cellular PO2?

Leads to a range of potential cellular PO2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the increased O2 consumption rate in bar-headed geese reflect?

An evolutionary adaptation to high altitudes Signup and view all the answers

How is cardiac output calculated in bar-headed geese according to the text?

Using the Fick equation: V̇O2⫽ Q̇ [CaO2 ⫺ CvVO2] Signup and view all the answers

How does warming of blood in the active flight muscle affect hemoglobin O2 affinity?

It decreases hemoglobin O2 affinity Signup and view all the answers

What theoretical analyses suggest about a 10°C temperature difference between lungs and flight muscle?

It increases O2 transport by 40-60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of enhanced thermal sensitivity of bar-headed goose hemoglobin?

Increased O2 transport in hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

How are circulatory O2 delivery improvements achieved in bar-headed geese?

Via evolved changes in heart function Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of the article 'The crystal structure of a high oxygen affinity species of haemoglobin (bar-headed goose haemoglobin in the oxy form)'?

Investigation of haemoglobin in bar-headed geese at high altitudes Signup and view all the answers

Which area of study focuses on 'Control of breathing in birds: implications for high altitude flight'?

Respiratory adaptations for birds at high altitudes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of 'Acute mountain sickness: pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment'?

Preventive measures for high altitude illnesses in humans Signup and view all the answers

In 'Histology of flight: tissue and muscle gas exchange,' what aspect of bird physiology is primarily explored?

How birds exchange gases during flight Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the research on 'Major differences in the pulmonary circulation between birds and mammals'?

Differences in blood circulation between birds and mammals Signup and view all the answers

'Characteristics and changes in air temperature and glacier’s response on the north slope of Mt. Qomolangma' mainly deals with:

Variations in air temperature on Mt.Everest's north slope Signup and view all the answers