Hypoxia Response in Bar-Headed Geese
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Questions and Answers

Why do many birds fail to fly at extremely high altitudes according to the text?

  • They have not evolved specialized traits for high-altitude flight.
  • They are unable to tolerate the hypoxia at high altitudes. (correct)
  • They do not have the necessary muscle capacity for high-altitude flight.
  • They lack the genetic programming for high-altitude flight.

What is suggested as a reason for bar-headed geese not changing their migration routes despite high altitudes?

  • Geological history of the Himalayas
  • Increased muscle capacity
  • Genetically programmed migration routes (correct)
  • Evolved specialized traits

How have bar-headed geese possibly evolved to cope with flying at high altitudes, according to the text?

  • Increased resistance to hypoxia
  • Avoiding high-altitude areas
  • Developed specialized traits over thousands of years (correct)
  • Decreased muscle capacity

What specific period in geological history is linked to the migration of bar-headed geese between South and Central Asia?

<p>Late Pliocene or early Pleistocene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have bar-headed geese evolved several specialized traits according to the text?

<p>To sustain the high O2 requirements of flight at high altitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does a decrease in capillary PO2 along the length of capillaries have on cellular PO2?

<p>Leads to a range of potential cellular PO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the increased O2 consumption rate in bar-headed geese reflect?

<p>An evolutionary adaptation to high altitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is cardiac output calculated in bar-headed geese according to the text?

<p>Using the Fick equation: V̇O2⫽ Q̇ [CaO2 ⫺ CvVO2] (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does warming of blood in the active flight muscle affect hemoglobin O2 affinity?

<p>It decreases hemoglobin O2 affinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theoretical analyses suggest about a 10°C temperature difference between lungs and flight muscle?

<p>It increases O2 transport by 40-60% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of enhanced thermal sensitivity of bar-headed goose hemoglobin?

<p>Increased O2 transport in hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are circulatory O2 delivery improvements achieved in bar-headed geese?

<p>Via evolved changes in heart function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of the article 'The crystal structure of a high oxygen affinity species of haemoglobin (bar-headed goose haemoglobin in the oxy form)'?

<p>Investigation of haemoglobin in bar-headed geese at high altitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of study focuses on 'Control of breathing in birds: implications for high altitude flight'?

<p>Respiratory adaptations for birds at high altitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of 'Acute mountain sickness: pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment'?

<p>Preventive measures for high altitude illnesses in humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 'Histology of flight: tissue and muscle gas exchange,' what aspect of bird physiology is primarily explored?

<p>How birds exchange gases during flight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the research on 'Major differences in the pulmonary circulation between birds and mammals'?

<p>Differences in blood circulation between birds and mammals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Characteristics and changes in air temperature and glacier’s response on the north slope of Mt. Qomolangma' mainly deals with:

<p>Variations in air temperature on Mt.Everest's north slope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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