Hypoxia Response in Bar-Headed Geese
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Questions and Answers

Why do many birds fail to fly at extremely high altitudes according to the text?

  • They have not evolved specialized traits for high-altitude flight.
  • They are unable to tolerate the hypoxia at high altitudes. (correct)
  • They do not have the necessary muscle capacity for high-altitude flight.
  • They lack the genetic programming for high-altitude flight.
  • What is suggested as a reason for bar-headed geese not changing their migration routes despite high altitudes?

  • Geological history of the Himalayas
  • Increased muscle capacity
  • Genetically programmed migration routes (correct)
  • Evolved specialized traits
  • How have bar-headed geese possibly evolved to cope with flying at high altitudes, according to the text?

  • Increased resistance to hypoxia
  • Avoiding high-altitude areas
  • Developed specialized traits over thousands of years (correct)
  • Decreased muscle capacity
  • What specific period in geological history is linked to the migration of bar-headed geese between South and Central Asia?

    <p>Late Pliocene or early Pleistocene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have bar-headed geese evolved several specialized traits according to the text?

    <p>To sustain the high O2 requirements of flight at high altitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a decrease in capillary PO2 along the length of capillaries have on cellular PO2?

    <p>Leads to a range of potential cellular PO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the increased O2 consumption rate in bar-headed geese reflect?

    <p>An evolutionary adaptation to high altitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cardiac output calculated in bar-headed geese according to the text?

    <p>Using the Fick equation: V̇O2⫽ Q̇ [CaO2 ⫺ CvVO2]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does warming of blood in the active flight muscle affect hemoglobin O2 affinity?

    <p>It decreases hemoglobin O2 affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theoretical analyses suggest about a 10°C temperature difference between lungs and flight muscle?

    <p>It increases O2 transport by 40-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential effect of enhanced thermal sensitivity of bar-headed goose hemoglobin?

    <p>Increased O2 transport in hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are circulatory O2 delivery improvements achieved in bar-headed geese?

    <p>Via evolved changes in heart function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the topic of the article 'The crystal structure of a high oxygen affinity species of haemoglobin (bar-headed goose haemoglobin in the oxy form)'?

    <p>Investigation of haemoglobin in bar-headed geese at high altitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of study focuses on 'Control of breathing in birds: implications for high altitude flight'?

    <p>Respiratory adaptations for birds at high altitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of 'Acute mountain sickness: pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment'?

    <p>Preventive measures for high altitude illnesses in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 'Histology of flight: tissue and muscle gas exchange,' what aspect of bird physiology is primarily explored?

    <p>How birds exchange gases during flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the research on 'Major differences in the pulmonary circulation between birds and mammals'?

    <p>Differences in blood circulation between birds and mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Characteristics and changes in air temperature and glacier’s response on the north slope of Mt. Qomolangma' mainly deals with:

    <p>Variations in air temperature on Mt.Everest's north slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

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