Hypoxia-induced Angiogenesis in Neural Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor released in response to a hypoxic environment in the context of the text?

  • VEGF (correct)
  • Slit2/Robo1&2
  • DCC
  • Rama

Which signaling pathway can be inhibited to prevent pathological ocular neovascularization, as mentioned in the text?

  • Slit2/Robo1&2 (correct)
  • DCC
  • VEGF
  • Rama

What does gene deletion at P12 and analysis at P17 show regarding VEGF signaling in the text?

  • No effect on VEGF signaling
  • Compensation by VEGF signaling (correct)
  • Interaction with DCC signaling
  • Inhibition of VEGF signaling

What is the ideal treatment approach for proliferative retinopathy, as suggested in the text?

<p>Inhibit pathological angiogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition leads to the release of a significant amount of VEGF, causing retinopathies like high bleeding and leaking?

<p>Hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents both Slit2/Robo1&2 signaling pathways from reinforcing each other?

<p>Blockage of Slit1/2 expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hypoxia have on PVHL interaction with HIF1⍺?

<p>It cannot be recruited, leading to HIF1⍺ stabilization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is angiogenic reprogramming triggered by HIF1⍺ during hypoxia described?

<p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of activating Notch expression in tip cells during vascular sprouting?

<p>Inhibition of tip cell differentiation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hypoxia, which cells are responsible for creating new vessels along a VEGF gradient?

<p>Tip cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of removing one allele of VEGF-A during embryonic development?

<p>Vascularization and malformation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if VEGF-A is overexpressed during embryonic development?

<p>Embryonic lethality at E12.5. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tip cells in angiogenesis?

<p>To guide and sprout new capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for hypoxia-induced angiogenesis?

<p>Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of VEGF-A in angiogenesis?

<p>To stimulate angiogenesis along a concentration gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of HIF-1 in tumor biology?

<p>To stimulate tumor growth, metastasis, and vascularization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 1995 paper on VEGF-A?

<p>It was widely rejected by top scientific journals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of arteries compared to veins?

<p>Arteries have less branching and are smaller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of excess oxygen to the baby's brain in ocular neovascular diseases?

<p>Promoting vasoregression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy aiming to selectively inhibit pathological angiogenesis?

<p>To promote retinal revascularization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen as a risk of laser photocoagulation in the eyes for ocular neovascular diseases treatment?

<p>Accidental treatment of the central macula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-VEGF therapeutics in treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

<p>Inhibiting VEGF signaling by binding receptors or trapping VEGF ligands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often are intravitreal injections typically administered to patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy for VEGF inhibition?

<p>Once every 4 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a 'success story' in the context of VEGF inhibition?

<p>VEGF inhibition in age-related macular degeneration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the research described?

<p>To target VEGFR2 downstream signaling pathways selectively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges mentioned for the field of research in this text?

<p>Identifying new drugs to enhance pathological angiogenesis with no effects on physiological angiogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which models are being used to investigate angiogenesis in this research?

<p>Genetic mouse models with Cre-lox system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of developing novel therapeutic drugs tailored to specific targets?

<p>To inhibit pathological angiogenesis while sparing physiological angiogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key focus of the research in relation to sprouting angiogenesis?

<p>Characterizing novel regulators of sprouting angiogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context are retinal vascular phenotypes being assessed according to the text?

<p>Developmental and pathological models (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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