Hypoxemia and Oxygen Therapy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What condition is described by a decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood?

  • Hypercapnia
  • Hypoxemia (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Hypoxia

Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of hypoxemia?

  • Severe headache (correct)
  • Diaphoresis
  • Changes in mental status
  • Increased blood pressure

Which of the following conditions can lead to hypoxia?

  • Anxiety disorder
  • Incisional pain
  • Blood disorders (correct)
  • Myocardial infarction

What is a complication of oxygen therapy in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

<p>Suppression of ventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from inadequate oxygen delivery due to extrinsic factors?

<p>Hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign indicates a late stage of hypoxemia?

<p>Central cyanosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What oxygen administration method should be avoided in COPD patients at more than 2 LPM?

<p>Nasal cannula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is related to overproduction of oxygen free radicals from supplementary O2?

<p>Fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of exhaled air is rebreathed using a partial rebreathing mask?

<p>1/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum flow rate required for the use of a partial rebreathing mask?

<p>6L/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using a partial rebreathing mask?

<p>It increases the amount of O2 with lower flows. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done every 2 to 3 hours when using an oxygen mask continuously?

<p>Remove the mask and dry the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with a partial rebreathing mask?

<p>Suffocation if not monitored. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the one-way valves in a non-rebreathing mask?

<p>To avoid total deflation of the bag. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest concentration of oxygen that a non-rebreathing mask can deliver?

<p>95-100% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should not be used around the mask to avoid inhalation risks?

<p>Powder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of prolonged high concentration oxygen therapy?

<p>Fibroblastic overgrowth of the retina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended best prevention method for oxygen toxicity?

<p>Administer the lowest Fraction of Inspired Oxygen for the shortest time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a symptom of oxygen toxicity?

<p>Dyspnea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is classified as a High Flow System in oxygen therapy?

<p>Venturi mask (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a flowmeter in oxygen therapy?

<p>To adjust the amount of oxygen delivered (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is NOT a low flow system used for oxygen administration?

<p>Venturi mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the effect of high oxygen exposure on infants?

<p>It may lead to retinopathy of prematurity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the symptoms of oxygen toxicity?

<p>Cough (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a nasal cannula?

<p>To deliver low to medium concentrations of oxygen without the need for precise accuracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using a simple mask for oxygen delivery?

<p>It causes anxiety in patients who are claustrophobic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen concentration range delivered by a simple mask?

<p>40-60% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the efficiency of a simple mask get affected?

<p>By the fit of the mask on the patient's face (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a partial rebreathing mask from other oxygen delivery devices?

<p>It contains a reservoir bag that must remain inflated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of oropharyngeal catheters?

<p>They are prescribed for short-term therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What flow rate is typical for a nasal cannula?

<p>2-6 L/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for using a partial rebreathing mask?

<p>The reservoir bag must remain inflated at all times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a non-rebreathing mask?

<p>To provide 100% oxygen to critically ill patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored regarding the reservoir bag of a non-rebreathing mask?

<p>It should be slightly deflated during normal breathing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oxygen device provides a precise concentration of oxygen using the Bernoulli principle?

<p>Venturi mask. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow rate for a Venturi mask?

<p>4-10 L/min. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of oxygen therapy?

<p>To administer more oxygen than present in the atmosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disadvantage is associated with the face tent oxygen device?

<p>It interferes with eating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential for the normal functioning of the respiratory system?

<p>Integrity of the airway system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a non-rebreathing mask ensure that atmospheric air is not inhaled?

<p>By sealing tightly around the face. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the reservoir bag of the non-rebreathing mask deflates completely?

<p>Increase the flow rate to maintain oxygen delivery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is NOT classified as non-invasive respiratory therapy?

<p>Surgery for lung conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen concentration range delivered by the face tent?

<p>30-55% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one goal of oxygen therapy?

<p>To provide adequate transport of oxygen in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mask is specifically designed to prevent rebreathing of exhaled air?

<p>Non Rebreathing Mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT included in the classifications of oxygen administration systems?

<p>Invasive Ventilator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does adequate oxygenation therapy aim to reduce in patients?

<p>The work of breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of oxygen therapy, what does hypoxemia refer to?

<p>Low levels of oxygen in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiratory System Function

The respiratory system performs three main functions: pulmonary ventilation (breathing), respiration (gas exchange), and perfusion (blood flow).

Essential Factors for Normal Respiration

Three essential factors are needed for normal respiratory function: a working airway, functioning alveoli for gas exchange, and a healthy circulatory system.

Non-Invasive Respiratory Therapy

Non-invasive respiratory therapy involves treatments that do not require invasive procedures like surgery or tubes. Examples include oxygen therapy, nebulizer therapy, incentive spirometry, and chest physiotherapy.

Oxygen Therapy Goal

The goal of oxygen therapy is to improve oxygen transport in the blood, reduce breathing effort, and decrease stress on the heart.

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What is Hypoxemia?

Hypoxemia is a condition where the blood has a lower than normal oxygen level.

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What is Oxygen Therapy?

Oxygen therapy involves giving a patient more oxygen than is present in the air to prevent or treat hypoxemia.

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How does oxygen therapy work?

Oxygen therapy works by increasing the oxygen concentration in the air a patient breathes, which helps to improve the oxygen levels in their blood.

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Why does oxygen therapy reduce the work of breathing?

Oxygen therapy can reduce the work of breathing by making it easier for the lungs to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, reducing the effort required to breathe.

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Hypoxemia

A decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood, often associated with cardiac emergencies.

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Hypoxemia Manifestations

Signs and symptoms of low oxygen in the blood include changes in mental status, dyspnea, increased blood pressure, changes in heart rate, dysrhythmias, diaphoresis, and central cyanosis (late sign).

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Hypoxia

A decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues, caused by either inadequate oxygen supply (pulmonary disease) or inadequate oxygen delivery (blood disorders).

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Respiratory Emergencies and Oxygen Therapy

In cases of respiratory emergencies like atelectasis or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), oxygen administration can improve alveolar oxygen levels and reduce the patient's ventilatory effort.

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Cardiac Emergencies and Oxygen Therapy

Oxygen administration helps meet the increased myocardial workload during events like myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac arrhythmia.

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Supplementary Oxygen Therapy

Supplementary oxygen therapy is used for conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) for extended periods (more than 48 hours).

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Oxygen Therapy Complications

Oxygen therapy can cause complications like overproduction of oxygen free radicals leading to signs like substernal discomfort, dyspnea, paresthesia, restlessness, and fatigue.

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Oxygen Therapy for COPD

In COPD patients, oxygen administration via nasal cannula should not exceed 2 LPM to prevent suppression of ventilation and dependence on hypercapnia.

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Retrolental Fibroplasia

A serious eye condition that can occur in premature babies due to high oxygen exposure. It causes constriction of retinal vessels, leading to fibroblastic overgrowth and potential blindness.

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Oxygen Toxicity

Lung damage that develops when high oxygen concentrations are administered for prolonged periods (over 24 hours with 60% oxygen). It can impair surfactant activity and lead to difficult-to-reverse lung injury.

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What is the best way to prevent oxygen toxicity?

Administer the lowest possible concentration of oxygen (FIO2) for the shortest amount of time necessary to meet the patient's needs.

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Low Flow Oxygen Systems

Oxygen delivery systems that contribute partially to the inspired gas a patient breathes. Examples include nasal cannula, oropharyngeal catheter, simple mask, partial-rebreather mask, and non-rebreather mask.

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High Flow Oxygen Systems

Oxygen delivery systems that provide the total inspired air for a patient. Examples include transtracheal catheters, venturi masks, aerosol masks, tracheostomy collars, T-pieces, and face tents.

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Flowmeter

A device that regulates the flow of oxygen delivered to a patient. It is attached to the oxygen outlet and allows adjustment of the oxygen concentration.

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Humidifier

A device that adds moisture to the oxygen being delivered to a patient. It helps prevent dryness in the airways, especially with prolonged oxygen therapy.

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Pulse Oximetry

A non-invasive method used to measure the oxygen saturation in the blood. It uses a sensor placed on the finger or earlobe.

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Oropharyngeal Catheter

A tube inserted through the mouth to deliver low to moderate oxygen concentrations for short-term therapy.

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Nasal Cannula

A device placed in the nostrils to deliver a low to medium concentration of oxygen, ideal when precise accuracy isn't essential.

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What type of oxygen delivery system is best for a patient who needs low-medium oxygen but doesn't require precise amounts?

A nasal cannula is the best choice for low to medium oxygen requirements when precision isn't as critical.

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Simple Mask

A mask with exhalation ports that delivers low to moderate oxygen concentrations but doesn't provide precise control.

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What is a disadvantage of a simple mask in oxygen therapy?

Simple masks can interfere with eating and talking, and may cause anxiety in claustrophobic patients. They also pose a risk of rebreathing retained CO2.

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Partial Rebreathing Mask

A mask with a reservoir bag that delivers a higher oxygen concentration by allowing the patient to partially rebreathe their exhaled air mixed with fresh oxygen.

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What is the primary function of the reservoir bag in a partial rebreathing mask?

The reservoir bag ensures a steady supply of oxygen by remaining partially inflated during both inspiration and expiration, preventing total deflation.

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What is a key factor affecting the efficiency of any oxygen mask?

The fit of the mask greatly influences its efficiency, as leaks can reduce the delivered oxygen concentration.

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Non-rebreathing Mask

A mask used for critically ill patients that delivers 100% oxygen at a flow rate of 10-15L/min. It prevents inhalation of atmospheric air and relies solely on oxygen from the reservoir bag.

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Venturi Mask

A high-flow system that delivers precise oxygen concentrations (24-50%) at flow rates of 4-10 L/min using the Bernoulli principle of air entrainment. It mixes oxygen with atmospheric air.

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Face Tent

A high-flow oxygen delivery system that provides oxygen to the nose and mouth, delivering 30-55% oxygen at 8-12 L/min. It is loose and open, making it comfortable for patients with facial trauma or burns.

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Non-Rebreathing Mask: Reservoir Bag Deflation

When the reservoir bag on a non-rebreathing mask collapses during inspiration, increase the oxygen flow rate. Complete deflation indicates insufficient flow.

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Oxygen Toxicity Risk

Using high concentrations of oxygen for prolonged periods can lead to oxygen toxicity.

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Venturi Mask: Precise Oxygen Delivery

The venturi mask is the most reliable method for delivering accurate oxygen concentrations (24-50%).

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Face Tent Advantage

A face tent is comfortable and less likely to cause claustrophobia because it is loose and open.

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Face Tent Disadvantage

The face tent can interfere with eating due to its open nature.

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Partial Rebreathing Mask: CO2 Build-up

The partial rebreathing mask can cause a build-up of carbon dioxide (CO2).

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Partial Rebreathing Mask Advantage

Partial rebreathing masks allow increased oxygen levels with lower flow rates.

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Partial Rebreathing Mask Disadvantage

Partial rebreathing masks require a minimum flow rate of 6L/min, pose a risk of suffocation if the flow is too low, and need constant monitoring because the reservoir bag must remain inflated.

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Non-Rebreathing Mask Purpose

Used for patients who require high oxygen concentrations.

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Facial Mask Care

Remove the mask and dry the skin every 2-3 hours because the tight fit and moisture from condensation can irritate the skin. Also, avoid using powder around the mask.

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Why Avoid Powder Around the Mask?

Inhaling powder near the mask can be dangerous, making proper mask care crucial.

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Study Notes

Hypoxemia

  • A decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood is called hypoxemia.

Manifestations of Hypoxemia

  • Cyanosis is NOT a manifestation of hypoxemia.

Causes of Hypoxia

  • Hypoventilation, diffusion impairment, shunting, and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity can lead to hypoxia.

Complications of Oxygen Therapy in COPD

  • Oxygen-induced hypercapnia is a complication of oxygen therapy in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Inadequate Oxygen Delivery

  • Inadequate oxygen delivery due to extrinsic factors can result in tissue hypoxia.

Late Stage Hypoxemia Sign

  • Mental confusion indicates a late stage of hypoxemia.

Oxygen Administration Method to Avoid in COPD

  • Oxygen administration methods exceeding 2 LPM should be avoided in COPD patients using a partial rebreathing mask.

Oxygen Free Radical Overproduction

  • Retinopathy is a symptom related to overproduction of oxygen free radicals from supplementary O2.

Partial Rebreathing Mask Characteristics

  • A partial rebreathing mask rebreathes approximately 50% of exhaled air.
  • The minimum flow rate required for a partial rebreathing mask is 5 to 10 LPM.
  • A significant advantage of a partial rebreathing mask is its ability to deliver higher concentrations of oxygen compared to a simple mask.

Partial Rebreathing Mask Use Guidelines

  • When using an oxygen mask continuously, the reservoir bag should be checked every 2 to 3 hours.
  • The main risk associated with a partial rebreathing mask is the possibility of rebreathing exhaled CO2.

Non-Rebreathing Mask Features

  • The one-way valves in a non-rebreathing mask prevent inhalation of atmospheric air.
  • A non-rebreathing mask can deliver an oxygen concentration as high as 95%.

Non-Rebreathing Mask Safety Precautions

  • Oil-based lubricants should not be used around the mask to avoid inhalation risks.

Oxygen Toxicity

  • Prolonged high-concentration oxygen therapy can lead to oxygen toxicity.
  • The recommended best prevention method for oxygen toxicity is limiting the FiO2.
  • Dyspnea, substernal chest pain, and non-productive cough are symptoms of oxygen toxicity.

Oxygen Therapy Systems

  • High-flow oxygen therapy systems include Venturi masks, nasal cannulas, and face tents.
  • The primary purpose of a flowmeter in oxygen therapy is to regulate the oxygen flow rate.
  • Low-flow oxygen therapy systems include simple masks, partial rebreathing masks, and non-rebreathing masks.

Effects of High Oxygen Exposure

  • High oxygen exposure in infants can have neurological effects due to retrolental fibroplasia.

Oxygen Toxicity Symptoms

  • Dyspnea is a symptom of oxygen toxicity.

Nasal Cannula Use

  • The primary use of a nasal cannula is for low-flow oxygen delivery.

Simple Mask Disadvantages

  • A disadvantage of using a simple mask for oxygen delivery is its inability to deliver high concentrations of oxygen.
  • The oxygen concentration range delivered by a simple mask is 35% to 55%.
  • The efficiency of a simple mask can be affected by poor fitting or air leaks.

Partial Rebreathing Mask Distinction

  • A partial rebreathing mask is distinguished by its reservoir bag, which allows some rebreathing of exhaled air.

Oropharyngeal Catheter Characteristics

  • Oropharyngeal catheters are inserted into the mouth or nose and pass through the pharynx.

Nasal Cannula Flow Rates

  • A typical flow rate for a nasal cannula is 2 to 6 LPM.

Partial Rebreathing Mask Considerations

  • The primary consideration for using a partial rebreathing mask is the possibility of rebreathing exhaled CO2.

Non-Rebreathing Mask Purpose

  • The primary purpose of using a non-rebreathing mask is to deliver high concentrations of oxygen.

Non-Rebreathing Mask Reservoir Bag Monitoring

  • The reservoir bag of a non-rebreathing mask should be monitored for complete deflation, which indicates a leak.

Oxygen Therapy Devices

  • A Venturi mask provides a precise concentration of oxygen using the Bernoulli principle.

Venturi Mask Flow Rate

  • The flow rate for a Venturi mask is 4 to 15 LPM.

Oxygen Therapy Purpose

  • The primary purpose of oxygen therapy is to increase oxygen levels in the blood.

Face Tent Disadvantages

  • A disadvantage associated with the face tent oxygen device is its potential to irritate the skin.

Respiratory System Function

  • Adequate ventilation is essential for the normal functioning of the respiratory system.

Non-Rebreathing Mask Function

  • A non-rebreathing mask ensures that atmospheric air is not inhaled due to one-way valves.

Non-Rebreathing Mask Reservoir Bag Deflation

  • If the reservoir bag of the non-rebreathing mask deflates completely, the flow rate should be increased.

Respiratory Therapy

  • Mechanical ventilation is NOT classified as non-invasive respiratory therapy.

Face Tent Oxygen Concentration

  • The oxygen concentration range delivered by a face tent is 30% to 50%.

Oxygen Therapy Goals

  • One goal of oxygen therapy is to improve tissue oxygenation.

Non-Rebreathing Mask Design

  • A non-rebreathing mask is specifically designed to prevent rebreathing of exhaled air.

Oxygen Administration Systems Classification

  • Flow rate is NOT included in the classifications of oxygen administration systems.

Oxygen Therapy Aim

  • Adequate oxygen therapy aims to reduce hypoxemia in patients.

Hypoxemia Definition

  • In the context of oxygen therapy, hypoxemia refers to a low blood oxygen level.

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Description

Test your knowledge on hypoxemia, its symptoms, and related complications of oxygen therapy, especially in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This quiz will challenge you on the causes, effects, and appropriate management of oxygen delivery in clinical settings.

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