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What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock in trauma patients?
What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock in trauma patients?
- Acute hemorrhage (correct)
- Dehydration
- Intestinal obstruction
- Adrenal insufficiency
Class III hypovolemic shock involves a blood loss of greater than 2000 ml.
Class III hypovolemic shock involves a blood loss of greater than 2000 ml.
False (B)
Name one external cause of hypovolemic shock.
Name one external cause of hypovolemic shock.
Bleeding from trauma (or any other external cause listed such as GI bleeding, ruptured aneurysms, etc.)
Hypovolemic shock can also be categorized under ______ shock.
Hypovolemic shock can also be categorized under ______ shock.
Match the classifications of hypovolemic shock with their corresponding blood loss percentage:
Match the classifications of hypovolemic shock with their corresponding blood loss percentage:
What is the typical heart rate range for a patient in Class II hypovolemic shock?
What is the typical heart rate range for a patient in Class II hypovolemic shock?
In Class I hypovolemic shock, urine output is typically minimal.
In Class I hypovolemic shock, urine output is typically minimal.
In Class III hypovolemic shock, the respiratory rate is typically ______ breaths per minute.
In Class III hypovolemic shock, the respiratory rate is typically ______ breaths per minute.
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Study Notes
Hypovolemic Shock
- Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a decreased volume of circulating blood.
- Most commonly caused by acute blood loss (hemorrhage)
- Most common cause of shock in trauma patients.
- Causes can be external or internal.
- External
- Bleeding (trauma)
- Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding
- Ruptured aneurysms
- Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Diabetes insipidus
- Dehydration
- Internal
- Third spacing (fluid shifts into interstitial spaces)
- Intestinal obstruction
- Pancreatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Third spacing (fluid shifts into interstitial spaces)
- External
Categories of Hemorrhagic/Hypovolemic Shock
- Classified based on the percentage of blood loss.
- Four classes exist: Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV
- Class I (Blood loss < 750 ml)
- Less than 15% blood volume loss
- Heart rate (HR) normal or minimally increased
- Respiratory rate (RR) normal
- Systolic blood pressure (SBP) normal
- Urine output normal
- Class II (Blood loss 750-1500 ml)
- 15-30% blood volume loss
- HR > 100 beats per minute (bpm)
- RR 20-30 breaths per minute
- SBP normal
- Urine output 20-30 ml per hour
- Class III (Blood loss 1500-2000 ml)
- 30-40% blood volume loss
- HR > 120 bpm
- RR 30-40 breaths per minute
- SBP decreased
- Urine output 5-15 ml per hour
- Class IV (Blood loss > 2000 ml)
- More than 40% blood volume loss
- HR > 140 bpm
- RR > 35 breaths per minute
- SBP greatly decreased
- Urine output minimal
- Class I (Blood loss < 750 ml)
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