Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic Solutions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What effect does a hypertonic solution have on red blood cells?

  • Causes bursting of the cell membrane
  • Has no effect on the cell size
  • Causes shrinkage (crenation) as water moves out of the cell (correct)
  • Causes swelling as water moves into the cell

    • What is the purpose of intravenous fluids?

  • To keep cells hydrated (correct)
  • To shrink cells
  • To prevent cell expansion
  • To dehydrate cells

    • What does osmolarity measure?

  • The weight of water pressing against walls
  • The amount of pull or drawing power of a solution
  • The number of osmoles/kg of water
  • The number of osmoles/L of water (correct)

    • What is the normal osmolality range in the body?

    <p>275-295 mOsm/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What exerts the oncotic pressure in the body?

    <p>Non-diffusable plasma proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hydrostatic pressure?

    <p>Force of water pressing against walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solution would cause cell expansion?

    <p>Hypotonic solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to red blood cells in a hypotonic solution?

    <p>Swelling (hemolysis) as water moves into the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Drawing power' is a term associated with which measurement?

    <p>-osmolarity- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the indicators used to assess fluid status in patients?

    <p>Daily weights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered significant in terms of daily weight change for a patient?

    <p>More than 2.2 lbs in 24 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of output is included in the calculation of a patient's intake and output (I&O)?

    <p>Diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to measure urine output in patients?

    <p>To assess for oliguric renal disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition does a daily weight change of more than 2.2 lbs in 24 hours suggest?

    <p>Heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically included in a patient's intake calculation for I&O monitoring?

    <p>Sweat produced (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient's urine output is less than 30cc/hr?

    <p>Refer the patient immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of output that should be considered when calculating a patient's I&O?

    <p>Wound drainage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Indicator of fluid status" is associated with which method of assessment?

    <p>&quot;Physical Assessment&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of central venous pressure assessment?

    <p>Skin turgor assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for serum sodium values?

    <p>135-145 mEq/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is known for its role in neuromuscular irritability?

    <p>Potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for serum potassium values?

    <p>3.5-5.0 mEq/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an anion among the mentioned electrolytes?

    <p>Sodium (Na+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range for maintaining normal arterial blood in the body?

    <p>7.35 to 7.45 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiratory acidosis is a type of acid-base imbalance that results from:

    <p>High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pH value of 1.0 indicate on the pH scale?

    <p><strong>Very acidic</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment is used in intravenous therapy?

    <p>Vascular access devices, tourniquets, clean gloves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an electronic infusion device (EID) in IV therapy?

    <p>To regulate the flow of IV fluids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication associated with IV therapy?

    <p>Fluid overload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is autologous transfusion?

    <p>Transfusing blood back to the same patient that donated it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of maintaining the IV system sterile and intact?

    <p>To avoid complications like infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component used in blood component therapy?

    <p>Surgical tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of transfusion reactions?

    <p>Allergic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phlebitis refer to in IV therapy?

    <p>Inflammation of a vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is taken when discontinuing peripheral IV access?

    <p>Removing the IV catheter from the vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the pH scale?

    <p>It ranges from 0 to 14 and measures the concentration of hydronium ions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of acid buffering in the body?

    <p>To maintain the normal pH of body fluids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is carbonic acid excreted from the body?

    <p>Through the lungs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Excess carbon dioxide in the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for maintaining a balance between hydrogen ions and bicarbonate in the body?

    <p>Buffers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of acidosis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do kidneys excrete metabolic acids?

    <p>Through urine excretion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is there excess carbonic acid in the blood?

    <p>During respiratory acidosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid Balance and Electrolytes

    • A hypertonic solution causes red blood cells to shrink.
    • Intravenous fluids are used to replace lost fluids, electrolytes, and medications.
    • Osmolality measures the concentration of solutes in a solution.
    • Normal osmolality range in the body is 275-295 mOsm/kg.
    • Oncotic pressure is exerted by proteins in the blood.
    • Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries.

    Solutions and Osmosis

    • A hypotonic solution causes cell expansion.
    • 'Drawing power' is a term associated with osmotic pressure.
    • A hypotonic solution would cause cell swelling.

    Fluid Status Assessment

    • Daily weight change is an indicator of fluid status.
    • A daily weight change of more than 2.2 lbs in 24 hours suggests fluid imbalance.
    • Urine output is an important indicator of fluid status.
    • A urine output of less than 30cc/hr requires attention.

    Intake and Output (I&O) Monitoring

    • Intake includes oral fluids, IV fluids, and medications.
    • Output includes urine, stool, and other bodily fluids.
    • Urine output is included in the calculation of I&O.

    Electrolytes and pH Balance

    • Normal serum sodium values are 135-145 mmol/L.
    • Potassium is essential for neuromuscular function.
    • Normal serum potassium values are 3.5-5.5 mmol/L.
    • Chloride is an anion among the mentioned electrolytes.
    • pH range for maintaining normal arterial blood is 7.35-7.45.
    • Respiratory acidosis results from inadequate exhalation of CO2.

    IV Therapy and Blood Component Therapy

    • IV therapy involves administering fluids and medications through a vein.
    • An electronic infusion device (EID) regulates IV flow rates.
    • Phlebitis is an inflammation of a vein.
    • Autologous transfusion is the transfusion of a patient's own blood.
    • Maintaining the IV system sterile and intact prevents infection.

    Acid-Base Balance

    • The pH scale measures acidity and basicity.
    • Acid buffering maintains the body's acid-base balance.
    • Carbonic acid is excreted through the lungs.
    • Respiratory acidosis is caused by inadequate exhalation of CO2.
    • Metabolic acidosis is caused by excess metabolic acids.
    • Kidneys excrete metabolic acids by increasing urine production.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions and their effects on cells. Learn about the movement of water by osmosis and how different solutions affect cell volume.

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