Fluid Volume & Electrolytes Chapter 2024 Tysak: Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic & Potassium Imbalance
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Questions and Answers

What is the action of thiazide diuretics in the nephron?

  • Block Na & Cl in the loop of Henle
  • Block Na & Cl in the distal convoluted tubule (correct)
  • Increase water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
  • Increase Na reabsorption in the loop of Henle
  • Which solution has a concentration greater than plasma?

  • Isotonic solution
  • Hypertonic solution (correct)
  • Hyperosmolar solution
  • Hypotonic solution
  • What is the primary action of potassium chloride in treating low potassium levels?

  • Increase potassium excretion
  • Increase sodium retention
  • Block sodium reabsorption
  • Sodium and potassium regulation (correct)
  • Which electrolyte imbalance can be managed with sodium polystyrene sulfonate or dialysis?

    <p>Potassium imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of diuretics in managing fluid volume excess?

    <p>Block sodium and chloride reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site of action for diuretics leads to more water excretion?

    <p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sodium excretion increases in the nephron due to diuretic use?

    <p>Water reabsorption increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?

    <p>Inhibits the Na-K pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often treated using potassium-sparing diuretic spironolactone?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with loop diuretics?

    <p>Ototoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drug interaction is mentioned for loop diuretics like furosemide?

    <p>Aspirin—reduces salicylic acid in the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic has a different mechanism of action compared to loop and potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of triamterene, a potassium-sparing diuretic?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should caution be taken when prescribing other diuretics according to the text?

    <p>Renal or hepatic disease, cardiovascular disease, Category C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, have on intracranial pressure (ICP) according to the text?

    <p>Reduces ICP</p> Signup and view all the answers

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