24 Questions
What is the characteristic of a hypothetical syllogism?
The major premise is a hypothetical proposition, and the minor premise and conclusion are categorical propositions
What type of syllogism has a conditional proposition as its major premise?
Conditional Syllogism
What is the role of the antecedent in a conditional syllogism?
It is the cause or condition
What is the rule that is violated in the example 'If you are worthy, then you can have my blessing. But you are not worthy. Therefore, you cannot have my blessing'?
To deny the antecedent is to deny the consequent
What is the conclusion in the conditional syllogism 'If it rains, we will not have a picnic. If we don't have a picnic, we won't need a picnic basket. Therefore, if it rains, we won't need a picnic basket'?
If it rains, we won't need a picnic basket
What is the term for the two clauses in a conditional proposition?
Antecedent and consequence
What is the rule for a disjunctive syllogism?
If one is affirmed, it does not mean that the other must be denied.
What is the characteristic of a conjunctive proposition?
Only one component can be true.
What is the conclusion in a conjunctive syllogism?
A categorical proposition.
What happens if one component is affirmed in a conjunctive proposition?
The other component must be denied.
What is the rule for denying a conjunctive proposition?
If one is denied, it does not necessarily entail that the other must be affirmed.
What is the result of affirming one disjunct in a disjunctive syllogism?
The other disjunct can be affirmed or denied.
What is the name of the fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that because the consequent is true, the antecedent must also be true?
Fallacy of affirming the consequent
Which of the following is an example of Modus Ponens?
If she is interested, then she will give me her number.
What is the name of the fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that because the antecedent is false, the consequent must also be false?
Fallacy of denying the antecedent
What is the condition for Modus Ponens to be valid?
The antecedent must be affirmed in the minor premise and the consequent must be affirmed in the conclusion
What is the conclusion in the following argument: If the operation is not successful, then he will die. But the operation is successful. Therefore, _______.
He will not die.
What is the term for a conditional syllogism in which the antecedent is affirmed in the minor premise and the consequent is affirmed in the conclusion?
Modus ponens
What is the name of the conditional syllogism in which the consequent is denied in the minor premise and the antecedent is denied in the conclusion?
Modus Tollens
What type of proposition is the major premise in a Disjunctive Syllogism?
Disjunctive
What is the rule for a Strict Disjunctive Syllogism?
If one disjunct is affirmed, then the other must be denied.
What is the main difference between a Strict Disjunctive Syllogism and a Broad Disjunctive Syllogism?
The truth value of the disjuncts
What can be concluded from the statement 'Either he is a criminal or he is a non-criminal. But he is a criminal.'?
He is not a non-criminal.
What type of syllogism is the following: 'If she is interested, then she will give me her number. But she will not give me her number. Thus, she is not interested.'?
Modus Tollens
Study Notes
Hypothetical Syllogism
- A hypothetical syllogism is a valid argument form in logic that consists of a hypothetical proposition as the major premise and categorical propositions as the minor premise and conclusion.
Types of Hypothetical Syllogism
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Conditional Syllogism: A conditional proposition as the major premise, and categorical propositions as the minor premise and conclusion.
- Example: If it rains, we won't have a picnic. If we don't have a picnic, we won't need a picnic basket. Therefore, if it rains, we won't need a picnic basket.
- Rules:
- To affirm the antecedent is to affirm the consequent, but to deny the antecedent does not mean denial of the consequent.
- To deny the consequent is to deny the antecedent, but to affirm the consequent does not mean affirmation of the antecedent.
-
Conjunctive Syllogism: A conjunctive proposition as the major premise, and categorical propositions as the minor premise and conclusion.
- Example: One cannot be wealthy and poor at the same time. But you are wealthy. Therefore, you are not poor.
- Rule: In a conjunctive proposition, only one of the components can be true, but both can be false.
-
Disjunctive Syllogism: A disjunctive proposition as the major premise, and categorical propositions as the minor premise and conclusion.
- Example: Either he is a criminal or he is a non-criminal. But he is a criminal. Therefore, he is not a non-criminal.
- Types:
- Strict Disjunctive: When one, and only one, disjunct is true among the disjuncts.
- Broad Disjunctive: At least one disjunct is true, but both disjuncts can be true.
Valid Conditional Syllogisms
-
Modus Ponens: A conditional syllogism where the antecedent is affirmed in the minor premise and the consequent is affirmed in the conclusion.
- Example: If she is interested, then she will give me her number. But it turns out she is interested. Thus, she gave me her number.
-
Modus Tollens: A conditional syllogism where the consequent is denied in the minor premise and the antecedent is denied in the conclusion.
- Example: If she is interested, then she will give me her number. But she will not give me her number. Thus, she is not interested.
Test your understanding of hypothetical syllogism, a valid argument form in logic. Learn how to identify and apply hypothetical syllogisms with examples. Improve your critical thinking and logical reasoning skills.
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