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Questions and Answers
What does a correlation value closer to -1 indicate?
What does a correlation value closer to -1 indicate?
What is the primary purpose of regression analysis?
What is the primary purpose of regression analysis?
Which statement best describes the difference between correlation and regression?
Which statement best describes the difference between correlation and regression?
What does a regression line represent?
What does a regression line represent?
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What does a correlation value of 0 indicate?
What does a correlation value of 0 indicate?
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What is the null hypothesis (H0) assumed to represent?
What is the null hypothesis (H0) assumed to represent?
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What does a P-value greater than 0.05 indicate?
What does a P-value greater than 0.05 indicate?
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Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing two unpaired groups?
Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing two unpaired groups?
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What type of correlation is characterized by both variables changing in the same direction?
What type of correlation is characterized by both variables changing in the same direction?
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What is the main purpose of hypothesis testing?
What is the main purpose of hypothesis testing?
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Which test would you use for analyzing more than two unpaired groups?
Which test would you use for analyzing more than two unpaired groups?
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When both variables in a correlation change in opposite directions, this is known as:
When both variables in a correlation change in opposite directions, this is known as:
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If the null hypothesis is rejected, what does this mean?
If the null hypothesis is rejected, what does this mean?
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Study Notes
Hypothesis Testing
- Hypothesis: An assumption about the relationship between variables.
- Hypothesis Testing: A statistical technique used to test hypotheses about a population.
- Null Hypothesis (H₀): Assumes no difference or relationship between variables.
- Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): Assumes a difference or relationship between variables.
- Null Hypothesis Accepted: No significant difference or relationship is found.
- Null Hypothesis Rejected: A significant difference or relationship is found.
Statistical Significance (P-value)
- Statistically Significant (P-value): Criteria for rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis.
- Usually, the P-value is 0.05.
- P-value > 0.05: Not significant analysis; null hypothesis is accepted.
- P-value < 0.05: Significant analysis; null hypothesis is rejected.
Types of Tests
- t-test: Used for parametric, unpaired, and paired data with two groups.
- Paired t-test: Used for parametric, paired data with two groups.
- Mann Whitney test: Used for non-parametric, unpaired data with two groups.
- One-way ANOVA: Used for parametric, unpaired data with more than two groups.
Correlation
- Correlation: A statistical technique to measure the strength of association between two variables.
- Correlation Described by: Scatter Diagram
- Positive Correlation: Both variables change in the same direction.
- Negative Correlation: Both variables change in the opposite direction.
- No Correlation: Random direction of change.
- Example of Positive Correlation: Increased alcohol consumption increases liver cirrhosis.
- Example of Negative Correlation: Decreased fluid intake increases body dehydration.
- Interpretation of correlation: Range between -1 to 1
- Closer to -1: Stronger negative linear correlation
- Closer to 0: Weaker linear correlation
- Closer to 1: Stronger positive linear correlation
Types of Correlation
- Strong Positive Correlation
- No Correlation
- Strong Negative Correlation
Regression Analysis
- Regression Analysis: Statistical technique to predict the value of one variable (dependent variable, Y) based on another variable (independent variable, X).
- Regression Line: Indicates the average association between two variables in regression analysis.
- Difference between Correlation & Regression:
- Correlation: Both variables are known. Measures the strength of association.
- Relation
- Regression: Predicts an unknown variable from a known variable. Measures how to draw the line by calculating the best fit.
- One variable affects the other
- Correlation: Both variables are known. Measures the strength of association.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of hypothesis testing, including the concepts of null and alternative hypotheses. It covers statistical significance, P-values, and various types of tests such as t-tests. Test your understanding of these essential statistical techniques.
