Hypothesis Testing in Quantitative Research Methods MSOP1016

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Questions and Answers

What is the best statistic to represent how closely packed around the mean the values are?

  • Mean
  • Confidence interval
  • Median
  • Standard deviation (correct)

Which statistic represents the most frequently occurring value?

  • Mean
  • Mode (correct)
  • Median
  • Range

What measures the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset?

  • Mode
  • Mean
  • Range (correct)
  • Median

In hypothesis testing, what does a P-value indicate?

<p>Probability of an event occurring by chance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diet was tested in the example where a researcher compared the efficacy of 4 types of commercial weight-loss diets?

<p>Weight watchers® (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the null hypothesis in the weight loss diet comparison study?

<p>There is no significant difference in weight loss between the diets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of inferential statistics in hypothesis testing?

<p>Making inferences about a population based on sample data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a 5% level of significance in statistical research?

<p>It signifies that there is a 95% probability that an outcome is not due to chance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of statistics is used to analyze quantitative data by providing the 'typical' value in the dataset?

<p>Measures of central tendency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of relationship does hypothesis testing aim to determine?

<p>'Cause-effect', 'non-causal associations', and 'other explanations' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do measures of spread, such as standard deviation and interquartile range, tell us about the data?

<p>How close data points are from one another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Null Hypothesis' indicates there is what kind of relationship between variables or phenomena?

<p>'Null relationship' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical category focuses on presenting data using tables, charts, and frequencies?

<p>Descriptive statistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Standard deviation' is used to represent which aspect of a dataset's distribution?

<p>Closeness of values to the mean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the difference between the maximum and minimum value in a dataset represent?

<p>A measure of spread (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In quantitative research, what is the purpose of identifying appropriate methods and conducting the research?

<p>To address the research question or hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a dataset with a sample size of 45, which test is recommended to check for normal distribution?

<p>Shapiro-Wilk test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical test should be used to examine the strength and direction of a relationship between two continuous variables?

<p>Pearson's correlation coefficient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In interpreting correlation values, what range would be considered indicative of a moderate relationship between variables?

<p>$0.4 &lt; r &lt; 0.7$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative Pearson's correlation coefficient value signify?

<p>Perfect negative correlation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study with N = 100 participants, which test would be suitable for comparing more than two groups to establish variations in scores or measurements?

<p>ANOVA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should Spearman's rho be used instead of Pearson's r for assessing the relationship between variables?

<p>For normally distributed data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do P-values provide guidance on in hypothesis testing?

<p>Whether the null hypothesis is likely to be true or false (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error occurs when the null hypothesis is true but inaccurately rejected?

<p>Type 1 error (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data variable is ethnicity classified as?

<p>Categorical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of distribution is the mean value larger than the median?

<p>Positively skewed distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data allow fractions and decimals?

<p>Interval data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption must be met to use parametric statistical tests?

<p>Normal distribution of data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'H0' refers to which concept in hypothesis testing?

<p>'Null' hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Beta (β)' is associated with which type of statistical error?

<p>'Type 2' error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Types of statistical tests used for normally distributed data are called ______.'

<p>'Parametric tests' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Median' is especially useful for representing data that is ______.'

<p>'Skewed' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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