Hypothesis Testing in Quantitative Research Methods MSOP1016
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Questions and Answers

What is the best statistic to represent how closely packed around the mean the values are?

  • Mean
  • Confidence interval
  • Median
  • Standard deviation (correct)

    • Which statistic represents the most frequently occurring value?

  • Mean
  • Mode (correct)
  • Median
  • Range

    • What measures the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset?

  • Mode
  • Mean
  • Range (correct)
  • Median

    • In hypothesis testing, what does a P-value indicate?

    <p>Probability of an event occurring by chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diet was tested in the example where a researcher compared the efficacy of 4 types of commercial weight-loss diets?

    <p>Weight watchers®</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the null hypothesis in the weight loss diet comparison study?

    <p>There is no significant difference in weight loss between the diets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of inferential statistics in hypothesis testing?

    <p>Making inferences about a population based on sample data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a 5% level of significance in statistical research?

    <p>It signifies that there is a 95% probability that an outcome is not due to chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of statistics is used to analyze quantitative data by providing the 'typical' value in the dataset?

    <p>Measures of central tendency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of relationship does hypothesis testing aim to determine?

    <p>'Cause-effect', 'non-causal associations', and 'other explanations'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do measures of spread, such as standard deviation and interquartile range, tell us about the data?

    <p>How close data points are from one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Null Hypothesis' indicates there is what kind of relationship between variables or phenomena?

    <p>'Null relationship'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical category focuses on presenting data using tables, charts, and frequencies?

    <p>Descriptive statistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Standard deviation' is used to represent which aspect of a dataset's distribution?

    <p>Closeness of values to the mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the difference between the maximum and minimum value in a dataset represent?

    <p>A measure of spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quantitative research, what is the purpose of identifying appropriate methods and conducting the research?

    <p>To address the research question or hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a dataset with a sample size of 45, which test is recommended to check for normal distribution?

    <p>Shapiro-Wilk test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical test should be used to examine the strength and direction of a relationship between two continuous variables?

    <p>Pearson's correlation coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In interpreting correlation values, what range would be considered indicative of a moderate relationship between variables?

    <p>$0.4 &lt; r &lt; 0.7$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative Pearson's correlation coefficient value signify?

    <p>Perfect negative correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study with N = 100 participants, which test would be suitable for comparing more than two groups to establish variations in scores or measurements?

    <p>ANOVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should Spearman's rho be used instead of Pearson's r for assessing the relationship between variables?

    <p>For normally distributed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do P-values provide guidance on in hypothesis testing?

    <p>Whether the null hypothesis is likely to be true or false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error occurs when the null hypothesis is true but inaccurately rejected?

    <p>Type 1 error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data variable is ethnicity classified as?

    <p>Categorical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of distribution is the mean value larger than the median?

    <p>Positively skewed distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data allow fractions and decimals?

    <p>Interval data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assumption must be met to use parametric statistical tests?

    <p>Normal distribution of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'H0' refers to which concept in hypothesis testing?

    <p>'Null' hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Beta (β)' is associated with which type of statistical error?

    <p>'Type 2' error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Types of statistical tests used for normally distributed data are called ______.'

    <p>'Parametric tests'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Median' is especially useful for representing data that is ______.'

    <p>'Skewed'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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