Hypothesis in Research
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Questions and Answers

Probability sampling ensures that all elements of the population have an equal chance of being selected.

True

What is the purpose of choosing a sampling method?

  • To contribute to the credibility and reliability of the research findings (correct)
  • To define the target population
  • To collect the required data
  • To determine the sample size

    • What are the two main clusters of sampling techniques?

    Probability sampling and Non-probability sampling

    The research instrument varies according to the _______________________ technique employed.

    <p>data-gathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sampling techniques with their characteristics:

    <p>Probability sampling = Every element of the population has an equal chance of being selected Non-probability sampling = All elements do not have an equal chance of being selected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in sampling?

    <p>Identifying and defining the target population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of collaborative research?

    <p>To research &quot;with&quot; stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A longitudinal study involves examining different individuals at a specific point in time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between research "on" and research "with"?

    <p>Research &quot;on&quot; is conducted without the stakeholders' input, whereas research &quot;with&quot; involves stakeholders in the research process and addresses their needs and interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cross-sectional study, the researcher simultaneously assesses the participants' _______________ and _______________.

    <p>exposures and outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research approaches with their characteristics:

    <p>Collaborative Research = Longitudinal Research = Cross-Sectional Research =</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research design is used to compare several factors at once?

    <p>Cross-sectional research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collaborative research is a type of correlational research.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a longitudinal study, researchers conduct several observations of the same subjects over a period of _______________, sometimes lasting many years.

    <p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Reliability in research?

    <p>The degree of truthfulness of the respondents or the source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data collection is a methodical process of gathering and analyzing specific information to provide or create solutions to irrelevant questions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of data collection?

    <p>To provide or create solutions to relevant questions and evaluate the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data is collected and subjected to hypothesis testing in order to ____________ a phenomenon.

    <p>explain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Primary data?

    <p>Data emanating from the original work or efforts of the researcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following data types with their descriptions:

    <p>Primary data = Data emanating from the original work or efforts of the researcher Secondary data = Data coming from other researchers or sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All data is created equal, and the value of data analysis ultimately depends on the processing and analysis of the data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the process of data processing and analysis?

    <p>Tasks such as data cleaning, transformation, feature engineering, and statistical modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis?

    <p>A kind of belief which is considered to be true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hypothesis can only be proved or rejected through a single experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the word 'hypothesis'?

    <p>Greek word 'hypotithenai' meaning 'to put under' or 'to suppose'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research design pertains to the overall strategy and framework utilized to undertake research that defines a brief and logical plan to tackle established research questions through collection, discussion, analysis, and interpretation of __________.

    <p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a hypothesis is accepted or rejected?

    <p>The results of the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a hypothesis?

    <p>The higher time the students spend on their studies, the better they achieve tests and score better marks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research assumptions are generally proved by forming hypotheses based on them.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Hypothesis = A kind of belief which is considered to be true Research Design = The overall strategy and framework utilized to undertake research Research Assumption = An assumption made in the research process that may or may not be verified or investigated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a comparative analysis?

    <p>To explain and gain a better understanding of the causal processes involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research is a type of research that relies on statistical surveys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of evaluative research?

    <p>To assess the performance, outcome, or impact of a set of variables using a set of criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A case study is an in-depth study of a particular ______________________ rather than a sweeping statistical survey.

    <p>situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of comparative research?

    <p>An analysis of the security and risk management plan of the seven commercial banks in Manila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Case research is a type of research that involves a broad statistical survey.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research types with their descriptions:

    <p>Comparative Research = Aims to confirm if two or more variables reveal similar or different patterns or characteristics Evaluative Research = Assesses the performance, outcome, or impact of a set of variables using a set of criteria Qualitative Research = Relies on data obtained from observations and interviews Case Research = Aims to narrow down a broad field of research into one easily researchable topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of qualitative research?

    <p>To rely on data obtained from observations, interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, recordings, documentary analyses, and artifacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hypothesis

    • A hypothesis is a kind of belief considered to be true, but may or may not be verified or investigated.
    • In research, it denotes the existence of a relationship between variables.
    • The term "hypothesis" comes from the Greek word "hypotithenai", meaning "to put under" or "to suppose", and the Late Latin "assumption", from "assumere".
    • A hypothesis can be proved or rejected depending on the method used by scientists.
    • Example: "The higher the time students spend on their studies, the better they achieve in tests and score better marks", which suggests a correlation between time spent studying and marks attained.

    Research Design

    • Research design refers to the overall strategy and framework used to undertake research, defining a brief and logical plan to tackle established research questions.
    • The design depends on the researcher's standpoint on the nature of knowledge and reality, shaped by their disciplinary area.
    • Types of research design include:
      • Comparative Research: aims to confirm if two or more variables reveal similar or different patterns or characteristics when compared using a set of variables.
      • Evaluative Research: aims to assess the performance, outcome, or impact of a set of variables using a set of criteria.
      • Qualitative Research: relies on data obtained through vicarious or firsthand observations, interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, recordings, documentary analyses, and artifacts.
      • Case Research: exemplifies the researcher's preference for depth, detail, context, and a macro or micro view of the topic or issue.
      • Collaborative Research: involves data-driven collaborative analysis to identify underlying causes, striking a balance between problem-solving activities and future projections.
      • Longitudinal Research: repeatedly examines the same individuals to detect changes over a period of time.
      • Cross-Sectional Research: simultaneously assesses the participants' exposures and outcomes at a specific point in time.

    Research Evaluation

    • Reliability refers to the degree of truthfulness of the respondents or the source, as well as the verifiability of the data gathered.
    • Practicability refers to the combination of speed, logistical costs, and accessibility to respondents and data sources.
    • Capability of addressing the research problem refers to the propriety of the technique in eliciting relevant data.

    Data Collection

    • Data collection is a methodical process of gathering and analyzing specific information to provide solutions to relevant questions and evaluate the results.
    • There are two general types of data:
      • Primary data: originates from the researcher's original work or efforts.
      • Secondary data: comes from other researchers or sources, having undergone statistical operations.

    Statistical Sampling

    • Steps in sampling include:
      • Identifying and defining the target population and research locale.
      • Selecting the sampling frame.
      • Choosing the sampling method.
      • Determining the sample size.
      • Collecting the required data.
    • There are two clusters of sampling techniques:
      • Probability sampling: every element of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
      • Non-probability sampling: all elements do not have an equal chance of being selected.

    Research Instruments

    • Research instruments refer to the forms or tools used to gather data, varying according to the data-gathering technique employed.
    • Examples of research instruments include surveys, questionnaires, and interviews.

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    Description

    A hypothesis is a kind of belief considered to be true, used as a base for conducting tests to determine its acceptance or rejection. It may or may not be verified or investigated.

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