18 Questions
What is the role of TRH and TSH in the control of thyroid hormone production?
Stimulate
What is the main effect of high levels of TSH on the thyroid gland?
Enlargement
How do anti-thyroid drugs work in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
Inhibiting thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
What is the main function of T4 in the context of thyroid hormones?
Prohormone
What is the effect of TRs binding T3 in target cells?
Higher affinity
What is the result of peripheral conversion of T4 in extrathyroidal tissues?
T3 and rT3
What are the two main hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH)
Explain the role of oxytocin in parturition.
Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during labor and helps in the expulsion of the fetus.
What is the significance of suckling-induced neuroendocrine reflexes?
Suckling induces the release of oxytocin, promoting milk ejection, and inhibits the release of prolactin, preventing further milk production.
How are thyroid hormones synthesized in the thyroid gland?
Thyroid hormones are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine and iodine, involving a complex process in the follicular cells.
Where are thyroid hormones stored before secretion into the blood?
Thyroid hormones are stored in the colloid of the follicle lumen within the thyroid gland.
How is the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis controlled?
The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), regulating thyroid hormone production.
Describe the control of oxytocin secretion and its effects in parturition and lactation.
Oxytocin secretion is controlled by positive feedback during labor and delivery, leading to uterine contractions and milk ejection during lactation.
Explain the concept of suckling-induced neuroendocrine reflexes.
Suckling-induced neuroendocrine reflexes involve the stimulation of sensory nerves in the nipple, leading to the release of prolactin and oxytocin, promoting milk production and ejection.
How is thyroid hormone biosynthesis regulated?
Thyroid hormone biosynthesis is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis through the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary, which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
Explain the process of thyroid hormones storage in the follicle lumen.
Thyroid hormones are stored in the follicle lumen as thyroglobulin, a protein synthesized by the thyroid gland, where they are stored until needed and released into circulation.
Describe the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms, where high levels of thyroid hormones inhibit the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary.
Explain the significance of the structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the context of neuroendocrine control.
The structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland allows for the coordinated regulation of hormone release, ensuring precise control over various physiological processes.
Test your knowledge on the control of thyroid hormone production through the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Learn about the regulation of thyroid hormones by TRH, TSH, T3, and T4, as well as the consequences of negative feedback and iodine deficiency.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
