24 Questions
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
To link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is the function of the hypophyseal portal vessels?
To transport hormones from the pituitary gland to peripheral endocrine organs
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
To produce catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following hormones is released in response to stress?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is the primary function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
To stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is the effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
Decrease protein synthesis
What is the clinical condition resulting from chronic exposure to excessive circulating levels of glucocorticoids?
Cushing's Syndrome
What is the effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?
Inhibit tissue glucose uptake
What is the effect of cortisol on immune responses?
Inhibit inflammatory responses
What is the effect of cortisol on bone metabolism?
Decrease bone density
What is the effect of cortisol on lipolysis?
Stimulate lipolysis
What is the primary laboratory test used to confirm the diagnosis of Cushing's disease?
24-hour urinary cortisol sample
What is the result of high ACTH levels in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease?
ACTH-dependent Cushing's disease
What is the role of aldosterone in the heart?
Induces heart remodeling
What stimulates aldosterone release in the renin-angiotensin system?
Increase in plasma K concentration
What is the result of chronic exogenous glucocorticoid therapy and abrupt stopping of the drug?
Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency
What is the result of gradual adrenocortical destruction in primary adrenocortical insufficiency?
Decreased adrenal glucocorticoid reserve
What is the primary effect of decreased plasma cortisol on pituitary ACTH secretion?
Reduced feedback inhibition
What is the primary manifestation of glucocorticoid deficiency in Addison's disease?
Weakness, lethargy, and weight loss
What is the primary effect of aldosterone deficiency in Addison's disease?
Renal loss of sodium and water, causing hypovolemia and hyperkalemia
What is the main diagnostic test for Addison's disease?
Early morning serum cortisol level
What is the significance of hyperpigmentation in Addison's disease?
It is a result of increased ACTH production
Why is hyperpigmentation helpful in distinguishing between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency?
It is more pronounced in primary adrenal insufficiency
This quiz covers the functions of the hypothalamus and its link to the pituitary gland, including the hypothalamic pituitary axis and the roles of anterior pituitary hormones. Test your knowledge of the nervous and endocrine systems and how they interact.
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