Hypoglycemia and Hormonal Response Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is typically the first defense mechanism when blood sugar levels drop?

  • Glucagon is released from the pancreas
  • Pancreatic beta-cells decrease insulin secretion (correct)
  • Epinephrine increases glucose utilization
  • Growth hormones are secreted from the adrenal glands

What is a common consequence of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF)?

  • Hypoglycemic unawareness (correct)
  • Accelerated brain glucose dependency (correct)
  • Increased warning symptoms (correct)
  • Enhanced glucose counter-regulation

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood sugar levels during hypoglycemia?

  • Thyroid hormone
  • Epinephrine (correct)
  • Insulin
  • Serotonin

What condition can lead to fasting hypoglycemia due to excessive demand on insulin?

<p>Insulinomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is least likely to contribute to hypoglycemia?

<p>Acetaminophen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal blood glucose level below which hypoglycemia occurs?

<p>70 mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism against hypoglycemia?

<p>Increased insulin secretion by pancreatic alpha-cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the loss of adrenergic symptoms that would normally signal hypoglycemia?

<p>Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure (HAAF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is associated with causing hypoglycemia?

<p>Antihypertensive drugs (ACE inhibitors) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone released by pancreatic alpha-cells in response to low blood glucose levels?

<p>Glucagon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism supports glucose production during prolonged hypoglycemia beyond 4 hours?

<p>Release of cortisol and growth hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of fasting hypoglycemia?

<p>Excessive insulin dosage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by excessive insulin effect after meals?

<p>Postprandial hypoglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypoglycemia

A condition characterized by low blood sugar levels.

Brain's glucose dependency

The brain relies onglucose from the bloodstream for function.

Counter-regulatory Hormones

Hormones that raise blood sugar and protect organs from low blood sugar.

Fasting Hypoglycemia Cause

Excessive insulin dosage, insulinomas, decreased food intake, kidney/liver/heart failure.

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Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure (HAAF)

Inability to recognize low blood sugar and correct it in type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

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Hypoglycemic unawareness

Loss of warning symptoms of low blood sugar.

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Postprandial hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar after eating due to excessive insulin effect.

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Insulin's Role in Hypoglycemia

Pancreatic beta-cells decrease insulin secretion during low blood sugar and triggers glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

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Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver or muscles.

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Gluconeogenesis

The creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

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Medication as Hypoglycemia Cause

Anti-hyperglycemic drugs, anti-hypertension drugs, ACE inhibitors, etc., can cause hypoglycemia.

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Hypoglycemia

A condition where blood glucose levels fall below normal.

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Counter-regulatory hormones

Hormones that raise blood glucose levels when it's low.

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Hypoglycemic unawareness

Loss of warning signs (like sweating or tremors) that signal a drop in blood sugar.

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Fasting hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar when not eating.

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Insulinomas

Tumors in the pancreas that release too much insulin.

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Postprandial hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar after eating.

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Causes of Hypoglycemia

Fasting, medications, postprandial issues.

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Blood Glucose Levels (Normal range)

Normal range is around 70-110 mg/dL. Readings below 70 mg/dL are considered hypoglycemia.

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Brain Glucose Dependence

The brain's crucial need for a constant supply of glucose from the bloodstream.

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