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Questions and Answers
Which gland primarily secretes steroid hormones?
Which gland primarily secretes steroid hormones?
What is the main function of the endocrine system in postnatal growth?
What is the main function of the endocrine system in postnatal growth?
Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone?
Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone?
Where does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?
Where does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?
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Which gland secretes amines such as epinephrine?
Which gland secretes amines such as epinephrine?
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Where are peptide hormones released from?
Where are peptide hormones released from?
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Which of the following is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in children?
Which of the following is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in children?
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In Graves' disease, which antibodies bind to the TSH receptor?
In Graves' disease, which antibodies bind to the TSH receptor?
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What is the preferred adrenergic blocking agent for the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
What is the preferred adrenergic blocking agent for the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
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Which condition can resemble hyperthyroidism clinically but differs in thyroid function studies?
Which condition can resemble hyperthyroidism clinically but differs in thyroid function studies?
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What is the treatment of choice when medical therapy fails in hyperthyroidism?
What is the treatment of choice when medical therapy fails in hyperthyroidism?
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Which of the following clinical features is associated with thyroid storm?
Which of the following clinical features is associated with thyroid storm?
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What is an important investigation necessary to confirm the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?
What is an important investigation necessary to confirm the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?
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What condition does Graves' disease result in?
What condition does Graves' disease result in?
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What is the peak incidence age group for Graves' disease?
What is the peak incidence age group for Graves' disease?
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What investigation confirms the diagnosis of Graves' disease?
What investigation confirms the diagnosis of Graves' disease?
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Which treatment modality is preferred during pregnancy and for nursing mothers in hyperthyroidism?
Which treatment modality is preferred during pregnancy and for nursing mothers in hyperthyroidism?
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Which of the following is a primary function of the thyroid gland?
Which of the following is a primary function of the thyroid gland?
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What is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?
What is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?
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Which hormone encourages thyroid cell growth and differentiation, increases iodine uptake, and stimulates the release of T3 and T4?
Which hormone encourages thyroid cell growth and differentiation, increases iodine uptake, and stimulates the release of T3 and T4?
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What is the effect of increased circulating levels of thyroid hormone on TSH release and TRH production?
What is the effect of increased circulating levels of thyroid hormone on TSH release and TRH production?
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Which of the following is a function of thyroid hormone in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Which of the following is a function of thyroid hormone in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
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What is a common clinical manifestation of congenital hypothyroidism in infants?
What is a common clinical manifestation of congenital hypothyroidism in infants?
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What is a common respiratory difficulty associated with congenital hypothyroidism?
What is a common respiratory difficulty associated with congenital hypothyroidism?
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'Excessive sleep, hypotonia, and coarse facies' are symptoms associated with which condition?
'Excessive sleep, hypotonia, and coarse facies' are symptoms associated with which condition?
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What can be inferred from a roentgenograph of skeletal for a newborn with congenital hypothyroidism?
What can be inferred from a roentgenograph of skeletal for a newborn with congenital hypothyroidism?
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What is the treatment of choice for congenital hypothyroidism?
What is the treatment of choice for congenital hypothyroidism?
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What condition is almost always due to autoimmune overproduction of T3 and T4 in children?
What condition is almost always due to autoimmune overproduction of T3 and T4 in children?
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What is the peak age group for presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
What is the peak age group for presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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Which genetic syndrome is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Which genetic syndrome is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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What component is regarded as a part of the multifactorial disorder of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
What component is regarded as a part of the multifactorial disorder of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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Which factor is NOT listed as an environmental factor associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Which factor is NOT listed as an environmental factor associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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What defines prediabetes?
What defines prediabetes?
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What is the role of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels?
What is the role of insulin in reducing blood glucose levels?
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Which clinical presentation is the most common for childhood type 1 diabetes?
Which clinical presentation is the most common for childhood type 1 diabetes?
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At what blood glucose level does diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occur?
At what blood glucose level does diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occur?
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'DKA is a pediatric emergency' refers to which characteristic of DKA?
'DKA is a pediatric emergency' refers to which characteristic of DKA?
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'Soluble insulin is given subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5-1units/kg /day 3 times daily' refers to which phase of treatment?
'Soluble insulin is given subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5-1units/kg /day 3 times daily' refers to which phase of treatment?
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'Total dose given twice daily using about 75% of the daily insulin dose as 2/3rd at breakfast and 1/3rd at dinner' describes which phase of treatment?
'Total dose given twice daily using about 75% of the daily insulin dose as 2/3rd at breakfast and 1/3rd at dinner' describes which phase of treatment?
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Study Notes
Endocrine System
- The adrenal gland primarily secretes steroid hormones.
- The main function of the endocrine system in postnatal growth is to regulate growth and development.
Thyroid Gland
- The isthmus of the thyroid gland lies between the two lobes.
- The thyroid gland secretes amines such as epinephrine.
- Peptide hormones are released from the thyroid gland.
- Thyroid storm is a clinical feature associated with hyperthyroidism.
- An important investigation necessary to confirm the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is thyroid function studies.
- Graves' disease results in hyperthyroidism.
- The peak incidence age group for Graves' disease is 20-40 years.
- Thyroid scintigraphy confirms the diagnosis of Graves' disease.
- The treatment of choice when medical therapy fails in hyperthyroidism is surgery.
- Thyroid hormone increases the breakdown of nutrients to produce energy.
- Thyroid hormone stimulates the release of T3 and T4.
- Increased circulating levels of thyroid hormone decrease TSH release and TRH production.
- Thyroid hormone plays a role in the development and maintenance of the CNS.
Congenital Hypothyroidism
- A common clinical manifestation of congenital hypothyroidism in infants is excessive sleep, hypotonia, and coarse facies.
- A common respiratory difficulty associated with congenital hypothyroidism is respiratory distress.
- A roentgenograph of skeletal for a newborn with congenital hypothyroidism reveals delayed bone age.
- The treatment of choice for congenital hypothyroidism is hormone replacement therapy.
Diabetes Mellitus
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus is almost always due to autoimmune overproduction of T3 and T4 in children.
- The peak age group for presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus is 10-14 years.
- Down syndrome is a genetic syndrome associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Genetic susceptibility is a component of the multifactorial disorder of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Vitamin D deficiency is not an environmental factor associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Prediabetes is defined as a fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL.
- Insulin plays a role in reducing blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake in cells.
- The most common clinical presentation for childhood type 1 diabetes is polyuria and polydipsia.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs at a blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL.
- DKA is a pediatric emergency due to its rapid progression and potential for mortality.
- Soluble insulin is given subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5-1 units/kg/day 3 times daily in the initial phase of treatment.
- Total dose is given twice daily using about 75% of the daily insulin dose as 2/3rd at breakfast and 1/3rd at dinner in the maintenance phase of treatment.
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Description
Test your knowledge about hyperthyroidism, including its causes and the autoimmune disorder known as Graves' disease. Learn about the factors contributing to hyperthyroidism and its peak incidence age group.
