Hypertext and Intertextuality

• Module 1 covers Reading and Writing Skills for Quarter 4.

Hypertext and Intertextuality

• Reading between the lines helps understand the intricate relationships between reading texts/kinds of literature and is important for creative and critical thinking.
• Intertextuality is when writers reference other literary, media, or social texts to create a link between their work and other texts.
• Hypertext is a text that references, alludes to, or derives from another text, presented in a nonlinear way.
• Allusion is a generally implied reference to characters, scenes, or plot elements that appear in another work.
• Pastiche is a collage of words, phrases, or passages from one or more authors that creates a new literary work, often incorporating plot, theme, style, and character.
• Parody is similar to pastiche and re-appropriates others' work, but to poke fun rather than praise.
• Hypertext or HTML is the markup language used to create structured documents for display in a web browser, using tags to describe how elements should be represented.

Critical Reading as Reasoning

• Critical reading involves deeper engagement with a text through logical decisions to search for knowledge.
• Critical reading involves analyzing, interpreting, and sometimes evaluating a text.
• Previewing is learning about a text before reading to understand what it is about and how it's organized.
• Activating prior knowledge uses existing knowledge and personal experiences to create meaning in reading.
• Making predictions involves guessing what will happen next, essential for narratives or descriptive texts.
• Visualizing is creating an image in your mind, vital for descriptive and narrative reading.
• Understanding the sequence of events involves noting which events come one after another, happen simultaneously, and cause other events.
• Identifying the main idea expresses a general concept, usually found in the first paragraph and broader than details.
• Asking questions relates events and characters' actions, allowing for a deeper understanding.
• Paraphrasing puts parts of a reading into one's own words, simplifying complex text.
• Putting information in an outline helps keep the information in order.
• Identifying the cause and effect involves one condition causing another, crucial in expository and persuasive texts.
• Summarizing helps to remember critical information.
• Synthesizing puts together conclusions and other ideas for a new understanding.

Assertions, Claims, and Counterclaims

• Sharing personal opinions/beliefs requires careful and respectful communication.
• Assertions are ideas written by authors that should be valid, believable, and trustworthy, supported by evidence.
• Counterclaims are presented by readers with a different perspective, sticking to the argument respectfully without fallacies.

Types of Assertion

• Basic assertion is a simple and direct expression of opinion, feelings, or belief.
• Emphatic assertion shows sympathy while supporting the person's rights.
• Positive assertion expresses positive feelings or emotions.
• Confronting assertion states actions that should have been done, actual actions, and what the speaker wants done.
• Escalating assertion is a firm but respectful statement expecting a response, providing another option if no response is given.
• Language assertion expresses negative feelings, describing feelings toward negative behavior and desired outcomes, typically in the format: "When you (action), I feel (emotion). Therefore, (expected action)."

Proving Counterclaims Through Text Evidence

• Counterclaim is an opposing claim, from the Latin "contra" meaning opposite
• In persuasive writing, counterclaims show other sides of an issue to strengthen claims.
• Meaningful counterclaims consider the author's exclusions and require a critical eye.

Book or Article Review and Literature Review

• A book review/article critique is a specialized form of academic writing evaluating scholarly works' contribution to knowledge.
• A literature review is a type of academic writing surveying scholarly work on a specific topic.
• Book reports focus on describing plot, characters, or ideas, reviewers use proofs and logical reasoning to substantiate their opinions.
• Literature review critically analyzes the relationship between scholarly works and current work.
• There are 3 distinct parts to writing a Literature review; literature search; evaluation and analysis of articles; writing the literature review.
• Essential to review the documentation style you will adopt (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

Guidelines in Writing a Book Review or Article Critique

• Read carefully to get its central concept.
• Relate to ones' existing knowledge.
• Discuss "how" the book treats its topic, not the topic itself.
• Analysis should be anchored to the theories presented.
• Examine support for the findings.
• Suggest ways to improve reasoning/explanation.
• Give another perspective.
• Examine the connections between the ideas and how they affect findings.
• Give your reactions and explain.

Guidelines in Writing a Literature Review

• Literature searching is necessary.
• Evaluation and analysis of articles.
• Writing the literature review.

Research Report, Project Proposal, and Position Paper

• A research report is an expanded paper with interpretations/analyses of a phenomenon
• A project proposal is a persuasive document addressing a problem, aiming for funding or solution implementation.
• A position paper is an academic writing piece presenting one's stand on an issue to contribute to a debate

Research Report Essentials

• Topic should be interesting to ones' audience.
• Must use accepted format.
• Purpose of each part of the report has to be accomplished.
• Sources should be acknowledged.
• Style of citation has to be consistent.

Project Proposal Essentials

• Title Page.
• Summary of the project.
• Qualification of budget of justification.
• Narrative of the project.

Position Paper Essentials

• Issue and position must be described.
• Both sides must be presented.
• Counterclaims must be refuted.
• Figurative language and analogies must be used to explain a point.

Research Report Guidelines

• Select and narrow topic
• Make preliminary research and gather references.
• Formulate the thesis.
• Analyze data and interpret.
• Ensure all items are cited and referenced.

Project Proposal Guidelines

• In the project implementation section, use a Gantt chart.
• Abstract should be written after the report is complete.
• Technical terms should be used sparingly.

Position Paper Guidelines

• Write in depth about the topic.
• Objectively analyze various positions about the issue at hand.
• Present a unique perspective.
• Analyze target readers.
• Summarize other sides counterarguments and refute them.

Parts of Resume and College Admission

• Professional correspondence is communication between two or more people through professional documents.
• A resume is a summary of work, skills, and academic background.
• An admission letter is a formal letter from student who showcases their interest.

Application letter Parts

• Resume Heading presents contact details and your complete name.
• A objective stating what you would like to accomplishCareer life.
• List of work history will details your work experiences..
• A educational background tells your history of education

Letter for College Admission

• Introduction will introduce you, state your course and showcase enthusiasm.
• Present academic qualification.
• Show your willingness to do a interview.
• Providing for contact details.

Job Application and Various Office Correspondence

• Application for Employment, also known as a cover letter will highlight details of a applicant.
• Office Correspondence maybe a digital communication exchange by two or more people.

Employment Letter

• Has details on where you found the job.
• Personal Data as well as contact details.
• States your qaulificiations..
• Has references.
• States youre willingness to interview.

Memorandum

• It is used for internal communication.
• Can be drafted by management.

Business Letters

• Sales letter is to convince customers of a excisting project.
• Complaint rectifys the wrong doing.
• Inquiry is to seak information from the organisation.

Parts of a Business Letter

• Heading has the return address.
• Address or persons name sendy ing it to..
• Saultation usually has "dear".
• A body explaining the reason.
• Signature.