Hypertext and Intertext: Definitions and Importance

C.R.E.A.T.E. Acronym

• C stands for come prepared and on time.
• R stands for respect everyone and their opinions.
• E stands for engage actively and participate.
• A stands for answer in a complete sentence.
• T stands for try to speak in English.
• E stands for effort and honesty matter most.

Group Activity: "Piece Be with You"

• The class is divided into two groups.
• Each group receives a set of math equation pieces.
• The task is to crack each code and paste it on its corresponding answer.
• Continue the process until all pieces form an image related to the current lesson.
• The time limit to finish the task is five minutes.

Learning Objectives of the 120-minute Lesson

• Define hypertext and intertext.
• Differentiate between hypertext and intertext.
• Explain the importance of hypertext and intertext as a student.

Text

• A piece of written or spoken material that conveys meaning in the form of a book, article, or speech.

Context

• The situation, background, or circumstances in which a text is created or interpreted.
• Context influences the meaning of a text.

Text Development

• The process of creating and organizing a text.
• Text development effectively communicates ideas, information, or arguments.

Hypertext Definition

• A text that links to other information.
• It allows users to jump to another part of the document or another document by clicking or tapping on it.
• The word "hyper" means above, beyond, or more than normal.
• "Text" simply means written words or content.

Originator of the Term Hypertext

• Ted Nelson first used the term in the early 1960s.
• It describes a system of structuring and displaying text.
• The structure is not linear and allows the reader to move from one text to another within a few clicks.

Key Features of Hypertext

• Links (Hyperlinks): Words, phrases, or images that, when clicked, lead to another piece of content.
• Non-Linear Structure: Hypertext is not read in order from start to finish and readers explore based on interests or needs.
• Interactive and Dynamic: Readers engage actively by selecting their path through the information.
• Multimedia Content: Content can include videos, images, or animations.

Intertext Definition

• The connection or relationship between one text and other texts.
• A text refers to, builds on, or is influenced by another text.
• "Inter" comes from the Latin word meaning between or among.
• "Text" refers to written words or content.

Originator of the Term Intertext

• Julia Kristeva, a literary theorist, introduced it in the late 1960s from the concept of intertextuality.
• Kristeva used intertextuality to describe how a text derives meaning through its interactions and references to other texts.
• Intertextuality formalized the concept, but the idea itself existed throughout history.

Key Features of Intertext

• References: One text mentions or references another text, creating a relationship between them, including direct/indirect citations or thematic connections.
• Influence: Reflects how one text influences or shapes another, adopting ideas, themes, or structures from previous works, contributing to the creation of new meaning.
• Contextual Connections: Understanding a text requires knowledge of other texts it connects to, providing a richer, more layered interpretation.

Definitions Relating to the concept of Intertext

• Restating: Author restates what other texts contain
• Referring: Statement that directly or indirectly refers to an idea or passage in another text without quoting it
• Lifting: Directly lifting exact statements or sets of words from a text another author has made.
• Imitating another text: A text written in a way that imitates the style or other properties of another text, without mocking the text.
• Imitating with New humour: A piece of writing that uses many of the same elements of another but does it in a new and funny way.

Examples of Intertextuality

• Arven restates the plot of a novel in a book report without directly quoting the book is an example of retelling.
• Lyrics mentioning "a forbidden fruit" connect to the biblical story of Adam and Eve is an example of allusion.
• "To be, or not to be, that is the question" from Shakespeare's Hamlet is an example of a well known quotation
• TV series Stranger Things is inspired by 1980s pop culture and borrows elements of films such as E.T. and The Goonies is an example of imitation
• The Simpsons mocks the Godfather in a humorous way is an example of parody.

Hypertext or Intertext Practice Questions

• Clicking a highlighted word to open another webpage for information is a feature of hypertext.
• A novel referencing Shakespeare's "Hamlet" to highlight a character's internal struggle is an example of intertext.
• A blog post including hyperlinks to sources, videos, and related articles uses hypertext.
• A movie quoting a famous line from a classic poem to create a connection is an example of intertext.
• Lyrics alluding to a historical speech influencing meaning is an example of intertext.
• A digital encyclopedia using underlined terms to jump to other topics is an application of hypertext.
• Creating a network of linked materials for readers to go through at their own pace is a characteristic of hypertext.
• Unintentionally seeing patterns from another text in the materials being read is an example of intertext.
• Creating connections among texts that enhance the reading material's meaning is intertext.
• Electronic linking between texts for navigation refers to hypertext.

Intertext Type Identification Practice

• A historian quoting Emilio Aguinaldo's declaration of independence in a book about the Philippine Revolution is an example of quotation.
• A comedian mocking Palawan's "hidden paradise" marketing in a skit is an example of Parody.
• A startup creating a logo based on 1980s ads, incorporating current tech is an example of pastiche.
• A student comparing a calculus problem to a video game boss is an example of Allusion.
• A scientist retelling the story of penicillin in a modern hospital is an example of Retelling.