Hypertension Treatments and Lisinopril Pharmacokinetics

False (B)

Alpha blockers block arterial alpha 1 receptors, leading to decreased peripheral resistance and lower blood pressure.

<p>acute polyphyrias</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spironolactone = Blocks aldosterone-induced sodium reabsorption Alpha Blockers = Blocks arterial alpha 1 receptors Beta Blockers = Blocks NA into the heart and reduces heart rate Indapamide = Not directly mentioned in the provided text</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACE inhibitors block the angiotensin converting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, preventing the formation of angiotensin II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>more potent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lisinopril = ACE inhibitor Losartan = Angiotensin-receptor blocker Amlodipine = Calcium channel blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left ventricular hypertrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>Dizziness, headache, nausea, palpitations, rash, and vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium channel blockers cause relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions. This leads to vasodilation, reducing blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Na+/Cl- symporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amlodipine = Calcium Channel Blocker Indapamide = Thiazide-like Diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause hypokalaemia (low potassium levels) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraindications for all thiazide-like diuretics are Addison's disease and electrolyte imbalance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spironolactone should be avoided in patients with gout, diabetes, hyperaldosteronism, severe liver disease, or low renal function.

Spironolactone inhibits aldosterone, leading to Na+ and H2O loss while retaining K+.

Alpha blockers, such as Doxazosin, lower blood pressure by blocking alpha 1 receptors, causing vasodilation.

Beta blockers reduce heart rate and stroke volume, affecting renin release in the RAAS.

Beta blockers are not preferred for initial therapy due to contraindications with other common medications.

Common side effects include dizziness, headache, nausea, palpitations, rash, and vomiting.

Specific side effects for amlodipine include diarrhea, constipation, headache, and dyspnea.

Amlodipine is given orally with 60% bioavailability and a half-life of 30-50 hours.

They promote relaxation in vascular smooth muscle cells by increasing cGMP levels.

Indapamide inhibits Na+/Cl- symporter in the distal convoluted tubule, affecting sodium reabsorption.

Common side effects include constipation, electrolyte imbalance, and headache.

Indapamide is orally administered, acts within 1-2 hours, with a 12-24 hour duration.

Contraindications include Addison's disease and electrolyte imbalance.

Medications that block angiotensin converting enzyme, preventing formation of angiotensin 2.

An ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension, available orally with 25% bioavailability.

Common side effects include cough, headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal issues.

Drugs that block the effects of angiotensin 2 at the AT1 receptor to lower blood pressure.

An ARB medication effective in reducing hypertension, with 32% bioavailability when taken orally.

Side effects can include headache, dizziness, hypotension, and abdominal pain.

Medications like Amlodipine that block calcium channels in the heart, reducing contractility.

Use with caution in renal impairment and monitor renal function before starting.