Hypertension Treatment Quiz

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What is the primary reason for the chronic antihypertensive effects of diuretics?

Increased sodium and water excretion

Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Decreased cardiac output

Reduction in peripheral vascular resistance (correct)

When should diuretics be dosed for optimal efficacy and to minimize side effects?

Once daily, in the morning (correct)

Once daily, in the evening

Three times daily, morning, noon, and evening

Twice daily, in the morning and evening

Which of the following side effects is more common with loop diuretics compared to thiazide diuretics?

Hypocalcemia (correct)

Hypokalemia

Hypercalcemia

Hyperglycemia

Which patient population is at the greatest risk of developing serious cardiac arrhythmias from diuretic-induced electrolyte imbalances?

Patients with LVH, coronary disease, post-MI, a history of arrhythmia, or concurrently receiving digoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect of diuretics is more likely to be problematic for patients with a previous history of gout?

Hyperuricemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical effect of high doses of thiazide and loop diuretics on fasting glucose and serum cholesterol values?

They increase these values, but the effects are usually transient and often unimportant Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective first-line antihypertensive drug class for African American patients?

CCBs and thiazides Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive drug class is less effective at lowering BP in African Americans?

β-blockers, ACEIs, or ARBs Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combining a CCB or thiazide with a β-blocker, ACEI, or ARB in African American patients?

Significantly increased antihypertensive response Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of angioedema and cough in African Americans compared to whites when taking ACEIs?

Significantly higher risk Signup and view all the answers

How should drug therapy selection be approached for hypertension in African American patients?

Select based on evidence and the presence of a compelling indication Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to using β-blockers in patients with pulmonary disease or peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

Use cardioselective β-blockers to treat compelling indications Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal of hypertension treatment?

To reduce associated morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular events Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to determine the need for titration and regimen modification in hypertension treatment?

Targeting a goal blood pressure value as a surrogate measure Signup and view all the answers

What is a surrogate target in the context of hypertension treatment?

A laboratory measurement or physical sign used to predict the effect of therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of non-pharmacologic therapy in hypertension treatment?

It can provide small to moderate reductions in systolic blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific selection of antihypertensive drug therapy based on?

Evidence demonstrating cardiovascular event reduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reducing blood pressure to a goal value in hypertension treatment?

To be associated with a lower risk of hypertension-associated complications Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the approximate systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction associated with reduced salt intake of 1.5 g/day sodium or 3.8 g/day sodium chloride?

2-8 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is associated with the greatest approximate SBP reduction range?

Weight loss with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m^2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the effects of lifestyle modifications is correct?

The effects are time- and dose-dependent and could be greater for some patients. Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the recommended frequency and duration of aerobic physical activity for reducing blood pressure?

3-4 sessions/week, approximately 40 minutes/session Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum daily alcohol intake for men and women/lighter weight persons, respectively, according to the information provided?

2 drink equivalents/day for men, 1 drink equivalent/day for women/lighter weight persons Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what should be the general approach to treating hypertension?

Lifestyle modifications alone are appropriate for patients with elevated blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary recommendation regarding the influence of comorbid conditions on drug therapy choices?

Comorbid conditions should only complement, not replace, drug therapy recommendations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the finding from the systematic review of 15 studies involving 35,000 patients assessing -blocker use?

-blockers slightly increase the risk of erectile dysfunction. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antihypertensive agents are associated with higher rates of sexual dysfunction?

Centrally acting agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and erectile dysfunction?

Hypertension causes atherosclerotic vascular disease, which leads to erectile dysfunction. Signup and view all the answers

How does diabetes affect the relationship between antihypertensive treatment and erectile dysfunction in hypertensive men?

Diabetes increases the risk of erectile dysfunction associated with antihypertensive treatment. Signup and view all the answers