Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary symptom associated with orthostatic hypotension?
What is the primary symptom associated with orthostatic hypotension?
- Dizziness (correct)
- Chest pain
- Headache
- Nausea
How should a patient be positioned to treat orthostatic hypotension?
How should a patient be positioned to treat orthostatic hypotension?
- Supine with feet raised (correct)
- Seated with legs dangling
- Standing straight
- In Trendelenburg position
Which of the following is NOT a known etiology of orthostatic hypotension?
Which of the following is NOT a known etiology of orthostatic hypotension?
- Prolonged supine positioning
- Medication use
- Illness
- Excessive fluid intake (correct)
What is the recommended flow rate for administering oxygen to a patient with orthostatic hypotension?
What is the recommended flow rate for administering oxygen to a patient with orthostatic hypotension?
Which situation could lead to orthostatic hypotension?
Which situation could lead to orthostatic hypotension?
In the management of a hypertensive emergency, which step is crucial as per the guidelines?
In the management of a hypertensive emergency, which step is crucial as per the guidelines?
What systolic blood pressure is classified as Stage 1 Hypertension?
What systolic blood pressure is classified as Stage 1 Hypertension?
What should NOT be done for a patient experiencing hypertensive urgency?
What should NOT be done for a patient experiencing hypertensive urgency?
What is a symptom associated with hypertensive urgency?
What is a symptom associated with hypertensive urgency?
How many liters of oxygen should be administered if a patient complains of dyspnea during hypertensive urgency?
How many liters of oxygen should be administered if a patient complains of dyspnea during hypertensive urgency?
What is the first action to take for a patient presenting with a hypertensive emergency?
What is the first action to take for a patient presenting with a hypertensive emergency?
Which blood pressure reading indicates hypertensive crisis?
Which blood pressure reading indicates hypertensive crisis?
What lifestyle change is recommended for patients with Elevated blood pressure?
What lifestyle change is recommended for patients with Elevated blood pressure?
What complication may arise from untreated hypertension?
What complication may arise from untreated hypertension?
What is the recommended action if a patient's blood pressure remains elevated after initial retesting?
What is the recommended action if a patient's blood pressure remains elevated after initial retesting?
What is the systolic blood pressure threshold for Stage 2 Hypertension?
What is the systolic blood pressure threshold for Stage 2 Hypertension?
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Study Notes
Hypertension Overview
- Defined as blood pressure exceeding 130/80 mmHg.
- Most prevalent primary diagnosis in the U.S., affecting around 60 million individuals.
- Approximately 70% are unaware of their hypertensive condition.
Blood Pressure Classification
- Normal: Systolic < 120 mmHg and Diastolic < 80 mmHg.
- Elevated: Systolic 120-129 mmHg or Diastolic < 80 mmHg; lifestyle changes recommended to mitigate risk.
- Stage I Hypertension: Systolic 130-139 mmHg or Diastolic 80-89 mmHg; requires lifestyle advice, possibly antihypertensive medications.
- Stage 2 Hypertension: Systolic ≥ 140 mmHg or Diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg; retake vitals, consult a medical professional if readings persist.
Risks of Untreated Hypertension
- Increases chances of cardiovascular disease (CVD), kidney damage, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
- Each 10 mmHg systolic increase above 160 correlates with a 30% higher risk of CVA.
- Hypertension damages cerebral blood vessels, weakening them and leading to lipid accumulation.
Hypertensive Crisis
- Classified as Systolic > 180 mmHg or Diastolic > 120 mmHg.
- Hypertensive Urgency: Not life-threatening but requires prompt action.
- Hypertensive Emergency: Life-threatening, presents similarly to myocardial infarction or CVA.
Hypertensive Urgency
- Symptoms include moderate to severe headache, anxiety, shortness of breath, tinnitus, edema, and epistaxis if BP > 180/110.
- Treatment includes seating the patient upright, checking BP in 5 minutes, seeking immediate medical consultation, and monitoring BP every 5 minutes.
Hypertensive Emergency
- Symptoms involve sudden BP spikes (often around 180/110 to 220/140), dyspnea, chest pain, dysarthria, weakness, along with potential altered consciousness, visual loss, or seizures.
- Treatment involves addressing end organ damage and secondary hypertension, including basic life support, monitoring vitals, and administering oxygen.
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Characterized by a sudden drop in BP due to position change (e.g., from supine to sitting or standing), potentially causing dizziness or loss of consciousness.
- Common causes include prolonged supine positioning, medical conditions, and certain medications.
Symptoms and Treatment
- Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include dimming vision, decreased hearing, and lightheadedness.
- Treatment involves positioning the patient supine with feet elevated, assessing airway, administering oxygen, and monitoring vital signs. If conditions do not improve, emergency services should be contacted.
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