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Isolated systolic hypertension is the most common type of hypertension in the elderly. It means the top number (systolic pressure) is high, but the bottom number (diastolic pressure) is normal.

Acute confusional state, also known as delirium, is a sudden and temporary change in mental state. It can be caused by various factors, including infections, medications, dehydration, and alcohol withdrawal.

Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are skin sores that develop due to prolonged pressure on a specific area of the body, often caused by immobility.

Ageism is a form of prejudice or discrimination based on a person's age.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in the elderly, characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both.

Thiazide diuretics and ACE inhibitors are commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs for older adults due to their lower risk of side effects.

Hypertensive crisis is a serious condition in older adults characterized by extremely high blood pressure that needs immediate medical attention to prevent organ damage.

A pacemaker is a device that helps regulate a slow heart rate, often required for elderly individuals with third-degree AV block, a condition in which the heart's electrical signals aren't transmitted properly.

Tools like the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test assess the cognitive abilities of geriatric patients, helping to detect potential cognitive decline or dementia.

Geriatrics is the branch of medicine specifically dedicated to the health and well-being of older adults. It involves the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and health conditions unique to this age group.

A geriatric patient is generally considered to be 65 years of age or older. This age group experiences unique health challenges and requires tailored medical care.

Immunosenescence is the gradual decline of the immune system's function with age. This makes elderly individuals more prone to infections and slower recovery times.

Blood circulation changes in the elderly include reduced cardiac output, higher blood pressure, and decreased elasticity of blood vessels, making them more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases.

Older patients often experience milder symptoms of illnesses, even with serious conditions, and are more likely to have multiple co-existing health issues, making diagnosis and treatment more complex.

Pharmacotherapy in the elderly needs careful consideration because drug metabolism and excretion are slower, increasing the risk of side effects and drug interactions.

Immobilization syndrome is a complex condition that occurs due to prolonged inactivity and encompasses various physiological and psychological consequences, including muscle weakness, bone loss, respiratory problems, and depression.

Cardiovascular complications represent the highest risk for elderly patients undergoing surgery due to age-related changes in their heart and blood vessels.