Hypertension Etiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about the etiology of hypertension?

  • The specific cause of hypertension is known for the majority of patients.
  • The heritability of essential hypertension is estimated to be about 50%.
  • Genetic factors are the sole contributing factor to the development of hypertension.
  • Patients with no specific cause of hypertension are said to have secondary hypertension. (correct)
  • What is the estimated heritability of essential hypertension?

  • 30% (correct)
  • 70%
  • 10%
  • 50%
  • Which factors are believed to contribute to the development of hypertension?

  • Genetic factors only
  • Psychological stress only
  • Environmental and dietary factors only
  • All of the above (correct)
  • According to the hydraulic equation, arterial blood pressure (BP) is directly proportionate to the product of the blood flow (cardiac output, CO) and the resistance to passage of blood through precapillary arterioles (peripheral vascular resistance, PVR) + BP=COxPVR.

    <p>Hydraulic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pressure is maintained by l Moment-to-moment regulation of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance exerted at three anatomic sites arterioles, ______, and heart.

    <p>postcapillary venules (capacitance vessels)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kidney Baroreflexes mediated by autonomic nerves (combination with humoral mechanisms, including the ______)

    <p>renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Local release of ______

    <p>vasoactive substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antihypertensive agents ______ — Thiazides: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide — High ceiling: Furosemide, etc. — K+ Sparing: Spironolactone, Amiloride ACE inhibitors — Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Perindopril, Ramipril, Fosinopril, etc. Angiotensin (AT1 receptor) blockers: Losartan

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the hydraulic equation, arterial blood pressure (BP) is directly proportionate to the product of the blood flow (cardiac output, CO) and the resistance to passage of blood through precapillary arterioles (peripheral vascular resistance, PVR) + BP=COxPVR

    <p>heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kidney Baroreflexes mediated by autonomic nerves (combination with humoral mechanisms, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)

    <p>blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antihypertensive agents ______ — Thiazides: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide — High ceiling: Furosemide, etc. — K+ Sparing: Spironolactone, Amiloride ACE inhibitors — Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Perindopril, Ramipril, Fosinopril, etc. Angiotensin (AT1 receptor) blockers: Losartan

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal Regulation of Blood Pressu acording to the hydraulic equation, arterial blood pressub (BP) is directly proportionate to the product of the blood flow (cardiac output, CO) and the resistance to passage of blood through precapillary arterioles (peripheral vascular resistance, PVR) + BP=COxPVR w ______ is maintained by l Moment-to-moment regulation of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance exerted at three anatomic sites arterioles, postcapillary venules (capacitance vessels), and heart.

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pressure is maintained by l Moment-to-moment regulation of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance exerted at three anatomic sites arterioles, postcapillary venules (capacitance vessels), and ______.

    <p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

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