Hypertension Diagnosis and Classification

What is the medical term for high blood pressure with a persistent elevation of the systolic and/or diastolic BP?

At what systolic and diastolic pressure is hypertension medically diagnosed?

What is the blood pressure range considered normal for seniors?

At what age does a child's blood pressure typically reach adult values?

What is the category of hypertension classified as PRIMARY also referred to as?

What is the normal blood pressure range for a 6-9 year old child?

Hypertension is medically diagnosed if the systolic pressure is ______ mmHg or higher and the diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher.

As kids grow, their blood pressure continues to increase from a systolic pressure of about ______ in an infant.

A diagnosis of Hypertension will be classified as ______, SECONDARY, or Malignant.

A child is at risk for hypertension at much lower blood pressures, such as ______ for 3 to 5 years.

The normal blood pressure range for a 10-12 year old child is ______.

Seniors have blood pressure readings that are higher than adult readings because blood vessels become less ______ combined with other age-related changes.

Hypertension is classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY, or Benign.

A diagnosis of hypertension will be classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY, or Stage 3 (Class 3, Severe).

The normal blood pressure range for children remains the same from infancy to adolescence.

Blood vessels become more compliant with age, resulting in higher blood pressure readings in seniors.

A systolic pressure of 160 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension in seniors.

A diagnosis of hypertension requires a single blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher.

What is the effect of arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis on blood vessels?

What is the consequence of damage to nephrons in the kidneys?

What is the effect of hypertension on the Central Nervous System?

What is the result of atherosclerotic plaques on renal arteries?

What is the consequence of excessive release of renin in the kidneys?

What is the effect of hypertension on the heart?

Hypertension is often called the "Silent ______" because it often has few recognizable signs.

_______ and arteriolosclerosis result from high pressures to blood vessel walls or irritants which result in damage or lesions.

Over time, thickening, hardening, as well as reduced space, (_______), for blood to pass through results in tissue ischemia downstream from obstruction.

Atherosclerotic plaques on renal arteries cause decreased blood flow to kidneys, tissue damage, and decreased ______.

Excessive release of renin results in vasoconstriction, water and salt retention, edema, increased blood volume, and increased ______ pressure.

Transient ischemic attacks are also known as mini ______.

Hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys due to atherosclerotic plaques on renal veins.

Transient ischemic attacks are also known as mini heart attacks.

Hypertension can cause increased risk of congestive heart failure in the heart.

Damage to nephrons in the kidneys results in increased blood pressure due to the release of a hormone that regulates blood sugar balance.

Arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis result from low pressures to blood vessel walls or irritants.

Hypertension is often called the 'Silent Healer' because it often has few recognizable signs.

What percentage of all cases of hypertension is accounted for by Primary Hypertension?

What is a major risk factor for Primary Hypertension?

What is a common symptom of Primary Hypertension?

What is a long-term complication of Primary Hypertension?

What is a lifestyle modification that can help control Primary Hypertension?

What is the percentage of deaths caused by Chronic Congestive Heart Failure in people with Primary Hypertension?

Primary Hypertension Accounts for ______ % of all cases of hypertension.

Combining ______ increases the risk of Primary Hypertension.

People may not know they have Primary Hypertension until a complication arises ______ to the hypertension.

Chronic, slow, progressive damage to blood vessels and then ______ organs is a long-term complication of Primary Hypertension.

Lifestyle modification may include ______ reduction to control Primary Hypertension.

Death in 20-40 years due to Primary Hypertension is typically caused by ______ Congestive Heart Failure or Cerebral Hemorrhage.

Idiopathic primary hypertension accounts for 95-100% of all cases of hypertension.

Cigarette smoking is a sign of primary hypertension.

The complication of primary hypertension that leads to 10% of deaths is kidney/liver/lung failure.

Lifestyle modification can be used solely to control stage 2 hypertension or higher.

Primary hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys due to atherosclerotic plaques on renal veins.

Primary hypertension is often called the 'Silent Killer' because it often has few recognizable signs.

What percentage of cases of hypertension is accounted for by secondary hypertension?

What is the effect of calcium channel blockers on cardiac and smooth muscle?

What is a common symptom of malignant hypertension?

What is the consequence of untreated malignant hypertension?

What is the effect of ACE inhibitors on blood vessels?

What is the cause of death in patients with untreated hypertension?

_______ is when blood pressure rises quickly and can be potentially fatal.

Medications such as ______ inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction.

Secondary hypertension accounts for ______ % of cases.

Death is usually due to ______ Failure or Cerebral Hemorrhage or acute congestive heart failure.

Calcium Channel blockers inhibit movement of ______ into cardiac and smooth muscle.

Vasodilators reduce ______ vascular resistance.

Diabetes is a complication of Secondary Hypertension.

ACE inhibitors increase vasoconstriction.

Transient ischemic attacks are a symptom of Primary Hypertension.

Calcium Channel blockers increase the movement of calcium into cardiac and smooth muscle.

Malignant hypertension is a complication of Primary Hypertension.

Vasodilators increase peripheral vascular resistance.

What is the purpose of taking a client's blood pressure before and after each massage treatment?

What is a common cause of false high blood pressure readings?

What should a therapist do if a client's blood pressure reading is high?

What is a lifestyle modification that may be recommended to clients with hypertension?

What is the term for the fear of taking blood pressure, which can cause false high readings?

Why should a therapist ask a client about recent activities and caffeine intake before taking their blood pressure?

The client should be referred to a ______ if there is a change in their BP reading from previous readings.

The BP reading is taken again, and if it remains high, ______ modifications are made and the client is referred to their physician.

In clinic, let your ______ know if you get a high reading.

“White Coat” syndrome is the fear of taking ______.

The therapist asks the client about recent ______, caffeine intake, cigarette smoking.

Recording BP while person’s ______ is full may cause a false high reading.

The client should be referred to a nurse if there is a change in their BP reading from previous readings

A systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension in seniors

The BP reading should be taken immediately after a meal, cigarette, stressful event, or physical activity

Deflating the cuff quickly can cause false high readings

The therapist asks the client about recent activities, caffeine intake, and sleeping position before taking their blood pressure

Blood vessels become less compliant with age, resulting in higher blood pressure readings in seniors

What is a sign of cardiac distress during a massage treatment?

What should the therapist do if a client shows signs of cardiac distress during treatment?

What type of hypertension is completely contraindicated for massage treatment?

What should the therapist monitor before and after a massage treatment for a client with mild hypertension?

What type of hypertension requires positioning, hydrotherapy, and technique modifications for massage treatment?

What should the therapist do if the client's symptoms do not subside after discontinuing the massage treatment?

Clients who have a ______ condition or hypertension should be monitored during the massage.

If a client shows signs of ______ distress during treatment, position in semi-seated or seated and discontinue treatment.

Moderate (Stage 2) hypertension that is uncontrolled/unstable is completely ______ for treatment.

Severe (Stage 3) or Very Severe (Stage 4) hypertension is always ______ for treatment.

Mild hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication usually requires no ______ modifications.

Call 911 if symptoms of cardiac distress do not ______ during treatment.

Clients with Mild hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication usually require technique modifications.

If a client shows signs of cardiac distress during treatment, the therapist should continue with the massage even if the client states they feel alright.

Severe (Stage 3) hypertension is always contraindicated for treatment, but can be modified by the patient's doctor and the blood pressure reading taken by the therapist prior to treatment.

Moderate (Stage 2) hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication is completely contraindicated for treatment.

Tissue bogginess and edema post-massage are signs of cardiac distress during treatment.

If the client's symptoms of cardiac distress do not subside, the therapist should call the client's doctor instead of 911.

What is the purpose of taking blood pressure before and after each treatment?

Why should the therapist avoid elevating the client's limbs above the heart for prolonged periods?

What is the purpose of working distal to proximal and using segmental massage techniques?

Why should the therapist avoid abdominal pillowing?

What should the therapist do if they notice signs of cardiac distress during treatment?

What is the purpose of dividing the back into boxes when working on the back?

The aims of treatment include taking blood pressure before and after each _______________

The therapist should avoid abdominal _______________ as it compresses the abdominal aorta

To decrease peripheral vascular resistance, the therapist should start with a hand and/or foot _______________

When working on the back, the therapist works segmentally, avoiding long _______________

The therapist should remain vigilant for any signs of cardiac _______________ throughout the treatment

Any potentially painful techniques are limited and interspersed with _______________ techniques

What is the approximate normal blood pressure reading?

What is the term for a sudden fainting due to hypotension induced by a nervous system response?

What is the drop in systolic blood pressure that indicates Orthostatic Hypotension?

What is the underlying cause of Orthostatic Hypotension?

What is the warning sign of Vasovagal Syncope?

What happens to blood when a person assumes an upright posture from a supine position?

Which of the following groups is more susceptible to experiencing hypotension when assuming a sudden upright position?

What is a recommended precaution to prevent injury when getting a client off the massage table?

What can be done to help normalize blood flow when getting a client off the massage table?

Why should a massage therapist inform a client about possible dizziness when getting up from the massage table?

What is a recommended way to facilitate a client's transition from a supine to an upright position?

After assuming an upright posture from supine, approx. 500-700ml of blood momentarily shifts to the lower part of the ______.

Some clients may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting off the ______ table after laying down for the duration of treatment.

Be prepared and offer to assist the client off the ______ to prevent injury.

Have the client sit at the edge of the ______ and move legs to assist in skeletal muscle contraction to normalize blood flow.

Encourage gradual movement to a ______ position and inform the client of possible dizziness from getting up too quickly.

Clients with ______ varicose veins may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting up too quickly.

A decrease in the Systolic/Diastolic BP below normal (approx. ______/60) is known as Hypotension.

One of the severe cases of hypotension includes ______ Infarction.

Vasovagal Syncope is a type of fainting due to hypotension induced by a nervous system response to ______ stress, pain or trauma.

Orthostatic Hypotension is characterized by an excessive fall in BP on assuming a sudden ______ position.

In Orthostatic Hypotension, a drop of ______mmHg in Systolic pressure is considered significant.

Vasovagal Syncope is accompanied by a rapid heart rate

Hemorrhage is a mild case of hypotension

Orthostatic Hypotension is a disease

A drop of 15mmHg in Systolic pressure is a diagnostic criterion for Orthostatic Hypotension

Acute Myocardial Infarction is a mild case of hypotension

After assuming an upright posture from supine, approx. 1000-1200ml of blood momentarily shifts to the lower part of the body

Clients with severe diabetes may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting up too quickly

Assisting the client off the table can help prevent injury due to hypotension

Symptoms of hypotension include headaches and nausea

Gradual movement to a standing position can help prevent hypotension

Hypotension is commonly seen in clients with severe hypertension