Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the medical term for high blood pressure with a persistent elevation of the systolic and/or diastolic BP?
What is the medical term for high blood pressure with a persistent elevation of the systolic and/or diastolic BP?
At what systolic and diastolic pressure is hypertension medically diagnosed?
At what systolic and diastolic pressure is hypertension medically diagnosed?
What is the blood pressure range considered normal for seniors?
What is the blood pressure range considered normal for seniors?
At what age does a child's blood pressure typically reach adult values?
At what age does a child's blood pressure typically reach adult values?
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What is the category of hypertension classified as PRIMARY also referred to as?
What is the category of hypertension classified as PRIMARY also referred to as?
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What is the normal blood pressure range for a 6-9 year old child?
What is the normal blood pressure range for a 6-9 year old child?
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Hypertension is medically diagnosed if the systolic pressure is ______ mmHg or higher and the diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher.
Hypertension is medically diagnosed if the systolic pressure is ______ mmHg or higher and the diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher.
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As kids grow, their blood pressure continues to increase from a systolic pressure of about ______ in an infant.
As kids grow, their blood pressure continues to increase from a systolic pressure of about ______ in an infant.
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A diagnosis of Hypertension will be classified as ______, SECONDARY, or Malignant.
A diagnosis of Hypertension will be classified as ______, SECONDARY, or Malignant.
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A child is at risk for hypertension at much lower blood pressures, such as ______ for 3 to 5 years.
A child is at risk for hypertension at much lower blood pressures, such as ______ for 3 to 5 years.
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The normal blood pressure range for a 10-12 year old child is ______.
The normal blood pressure range for a 10-12 year old child is ______.
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Seniors have blood pressure readings that are higher than adult readings because blood vessels become less ______ combined with other age-related changes.
Seniors have blood pressure readings that are higher than adult readings because blood vessels become less ______ combined with other age-related changes.
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Hypertension is classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY, or Benign.
Hypertension is classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY, or Benign.
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A diagnosis of hypertension will be classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY, or Stage 3 (Class 3, Severe).
A diagnosis of hypertension will be classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY, or Stage 3 (Class 3, Severe).
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The normal blood pressure range for children remains the same from infancy to adolescence.
The normal blood pressure range for children remains the same from infancy to adolescence.
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Blood vessels become more compliant with age, resulting in higher blood pressure readings in seniors.
Blood vessels become more compliant with age, resulting in higher blood pressure readings in seniors.
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A systolic pressure of 160 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension in seniors.
A systolic pressure of 160 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension in seniors.
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A diagnosis of hypertension requires a single blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
A diagnosis of hypertension requires a single blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
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What is the effect of arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis on blood vessels?
What is the effect of arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis on blood vessels?
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What is the consequence of damage to nephrons in the kidneys?
What is the consequence of damage to nephrons in the kidneys?
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What is the effect of hypertension on the Central Nervous System?
What is the effect of hypertension on the Central Nervous System?
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What is the result of atherosclerotic plaques on renal arteries?
What is the result of atherosclerotic plaques on renal arteries?
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What is the consequence of excessive release of renin in the kidneys?
What is the consequence of excessive release of renin in the kidneys?
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What is the effect of hypertension on the heart?
What is the effect of hypertension on the heart?
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Hypertension is often called the "Silent ______" because it often has few recognizable signs.
Hypertension is often called the "Silent ______" because it often has few recognizable signs.
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_______ and arteriolosclerosis result from high pressures to blood vessel walls or irritants which result in damage or lesions.
_______ and arteriolosclerosis result from high pressures to blood vessel walls or irritants which result in damage or lesions.
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Over time, thickening, hardening, as well as reduced space, (_______), for blood to pass through results in tissue ischemia downstream from obstruction.
Over time, thickening, hardening, as well as reduced space, (_______), for blood to pass through results in tissue ischemia downstream from obstruction.
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Atherosclerotic plaques on renal arteries cause decreased blood flow to kidneys, tissue damage, and decreased ______.
Atherosclerotic plaques on renal arteries cause decreased blood flow to kidneys, tissue damage, and decreased ______.
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Excessive release of renin results in vasoconstriction, water and salt retention, edema, increased blood volume, and increased ______ pressure.
Excessive release of renin results in vasoconstriction, water and salt retention, edema, increased blood volume, and increased ______ pressure.
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Transient ischemic attacks are also known as mini ______.
Transient ischemic attacks are also known as mini ______.
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Hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys due to atherosclerotic plaques on renal veins.
Hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys due to atherosclerotic plaques on renal veins.
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Transient ischemic attacks are also known as mini heart attacks.
Transient ischemic attacks are also known as mini heart attacks.
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Hypertension can cause increased risk of congestive heart failure in the heart.
Hypertension can cause increased risk of congestive heart failure in the heart.
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Damage to nephrons in the kidneys results in increased blood pressure due to the release of a hormone that regulates blood sugar balance.
Damage to nephrons in the kidneys results in increased blood pressure due to the release of a hormone that regulates blood sugar balance.
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Arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis result from low pressures to blood vessel walls or irritants.
Arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis result from low pressures to blood vessel walls or irritants.
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Hypertension is often called the 'Silent Healer' because it often has few recognizable signs.
Hypertension is often called the 'Silent Healer' because it often has few recognizable signs.
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What percentage of all cases of hypertension is accounted for by Primary Hypertension?
What percentage of all cases of hypertension is accounted for by Primary Hypertension?
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What is a major risk factor for Primary Hypertension?
What is a major risk factor for Primary Hypertension?
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What is a common symptom of Primary Hypertension?
What is a common symptom of Primary Hypertension?
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What is a long-term complication of Primary Hypertension?
What is a long-term complication of Primary Hypertension?
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What is a lifestyle modification that can help control Primary Hypertension?
What is a lifestyle modification that can help control Primary Hypertension?
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What is the percentage of deaths caused by Chronic Congestive Heart Failure in people with Primary Hypertension?
What is the percentage of deaths caused by Chronic Congestive Heart Failure in people with Primary Hypertension?
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Primary Hypertension Accounts for ______ % of all cases of hypertension.
Primary Hypertension Accounts for ______ % of all cases of hypertension.
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Combining ______ increases the risk of Primary Hypertension.
Combining ______ increases the risk of Primary Hypertension.
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People may not know they have Primary Hypertension until a complication arises ______ to the hypertension.
People may not know they have Primary Hypertension until a complication arises ______ to the hypertension.
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Chronic, slow, progressive damage to blood vessels and then ______ organs is a long-term complication of Primary Hypertension.
Chronic, slow, progressive damage to blood vessels and then ______ organs is a long-term complication of Primary Hypertension.
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Lifestyle modification may include ______ reduction to control Primary Hypertension.
Lifestyle modification may include ______ reduction to control Primary Hypertension.
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Death in 20-40 years due to Primary Hypertension is typically caused by ______ Congestive Heart Failure or Cerebral Hemorrhage.
Death in 20-40 years due to Primary Hypertension is typically caused by ______ Congestive Heart Failure or Cerebral Hemorrhage.
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Idiopathic primary hypertension accounts for 95-100% of all cases of hypertension.
Idiopathic primary hypertension accounts for 95-100% of all cases of hypertension.
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Cigarette smoking is a sign of primary hypertension.
Cigarette smoking is a sign of primary hypertension.
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The complication of primary hypertension that leads to 10% of deaths is kidney/liver/lung failure.
The complication of primary hypertension that leads to 10% of deaths is kidney/liver/lung failure.
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Lifestyle modification can be used solely to control stage 2 hypertension or higher.
Lifestyle modification can be used solely to control stage 2 hypertension or higher.
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Primary hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys due to atherosclerotic plaques on renal veins.
Primary hypertension can cause damage to the kidneys due to atherosclerotic plaques on renal veins.
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Primary hypertension is often called the 'Silent Killer' because it often has few recognizable signs.
Primary hypertension is often called the 'Silent Killer' because it often has few recognizable signs.
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What percentage of cases of hypertension is accounted for by secondary hypertension?
What percentage of cases of hypertension is accounted for by secondary hypertension?
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What is the effect of calcium channel blockers on cardiac and smooth muscle?
What is the effect of calcium channel blockers on cardiac and smooth muscle?
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What is a common symptom of malignant hypertension?
What is a common symptom of malignant hypertension?
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What is the consequence of untreated malignant hypertension?
What is the consequence of untreated malignant hypertension?
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What is the effect of ACE inhibitors on blood vessels?
What is the effect of ACE inhibitors on blood vessels?
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What is the cause of death in patients with untreated hypertension?
What is the cause of death in patients with untreated hypertension?
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_______ is when blood pressure rises quickly and can be potentially fatal.
_______ is when blood pressure rises quickly and can be potentially fatal.
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Medications such as ______ inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction.
Medications such as ______ inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction.
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Secondary hypertension accounts for ______ % of cases.
Secondary hypertension accounts for ______ % of cases.
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Death is usually due to ______ Failure or Cerebral Hemorrhage or acute congestive heart failure.
Death is usually due to ______ Failure or Cerebral Hemorrhage or acute congestive heart failure.
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Calcium Channel blockers inhibit movement of ______ into cardiac and smooth muscle.
Calcium Channel blockers inhibit movement of ______ into cardiac and smooth muscle.
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Vasodilators reduce ______ vascular resistance.
Vasodilators reduce ______ vascular resistance.
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Diabetes is a complication of Secondary Hypertension.
Diabetes is a complication of Secondary Hypertension.
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ACE inhibitors increase vasoconstriction.
ACE inhibitors increase vasoconstriction.
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Transient ischemic attacks are a symptom of Primary Hypertension.
Transient ischemic attacks are a symptom of Primary Hypertension.
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Calcium Channel blockers increase the movement of calcium into cardiac and smooth muscle.
Calcium Channel blockers increase the movement of calcium into cardiac and smooth muscle.
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Malignant hypertension is a complication of Primary Hypertension.
Malignant hypertension is a complication of Primary Hypertension.
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Vasodilators increase peripheral vascular resistance.
Vasodilators increase peripheral vascular resistance.
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What is the purpose of taking a client's blood pressure before and after each massage treatment?
What is the purpose of taking a client's blood pressure before and after each massage treatment?
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What is a common cause of false high blood pressure readings?
What is a common cause of false high blood pressure readings?
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What should a therapist do if a client's blood pressure reading is high?
What should a therapist do if a client's blood pressure reading is high?
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What is a lifestyle modification that may be recommended to clients with hypertension?
What is a lifestyle modification that may be recommended to clients with hypertension?
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What is the term for the fear of taking blood pressure, which can cause false high readings?
What is the term for the fear of taking blood pressure, which can cause false high readings?
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Why should a therapist ask a client about recent activities and caffeine intake before taking their blood pressure?
Why should a therapist ask a client about recent activities and caffeine intake before taking their blood pressure?
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The client should be referred to a ______ if there is a change in their BP reading from previous readings.
The client should be referred to a ______ if there is a change in their BP reading from previous readings.
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The BP reading is taken again, and if it remains high, ______ modifications are made and the client is referred to their physician.
The BP reading is taken again, and if it remains high, ______ modifications are made and the client is referred to their physician.
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In clinic, let your ______ know if you get a high reading.
In clinic, let your ______ know if you get a high reading.
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“White Coat” syndrome is the fear of taking ______.
“White Coat” syndrome is the fear of taking ______.
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The therapist asks the client about recent ______, caffeine intake, cigarette smoking.
The therapist asks the client about recent ______, caffeine intake, cigarette smoking.
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Recording BP while person’s ______ is full may cause a false high reading.
Recording BP while person’s ______ is full may cause a false high reading.
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The client should be referred to a nurse if there is a change in their BP reading from previous readings
The client should be referred to a nurse if there is a change in their BP reading from previous readings
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A systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension in seniors
A systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension in seniors
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The BP reading should be taken immediately after a meal, cigarette, stressful event, or physical activity
The BP reading should be taken immediately after a meal, cigarette, stressful event, or physical activity
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Deflating the cuff quickly can cause false high readings
Deflating the cuff quickly can cause false high readings
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The therapist asks the client about recent activities, caffeine intake, and sleeping position before taking their blood pressure
The therapist asks the client about recent activities, caffeine intake, and sleeping position before taking their blood pressure
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Blood vessels become less compliant with age, resulting in higher blood pressure readings in seniors
Blood vessels become less compliant with age, resulting in higher blood pressure readings in seniors
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What is a sign of cardiac distress during a massage treatment?
What is a sign of cardiac distress during a massage treatment?
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What should the therapist do if a client shows signs of cardiac distress during treatment?
What should the therapist do if a client shows signs of cardiac distress during treatment?
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What type of hypertension is completely contraindicated for massage treatment?
What type of hypertension is completely contraindicated for massage treatment?
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What should the therapist monitor before and after a massage treatment for a client with mild hypertension?
What should the therapist monitor before and after a massage treatment for a client with mild hypertension?
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What type of hypertension requires positioning, hydrotherapy, and technique modifications for massage treatment?
What type of hypertension requires positioning, hydrotherapy, and technique modifications for massage treatment?
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What should the therapist do if the client's symptoms do not subside after discontinuing the massage treatment?
What should the therapist do if the client's symptoms do not subside after discontinuing the massage treatment?
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Clients who have a ______ condition or hypertension should be monitored during the massage.
Clients who have a ______ condition or hypertension should be monitored during the massage.
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If a client shows signs of ______ distress during treatment, position in semi-seated or seated and discontinue treatment.
If a client shows signs of ______ distress during treatment, position in semi-seated or seated and discontinue treatment.
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Moderate (Stage 2) hypertension that is uncontrolled/unstable is completely ______ for treatment.
Moderate (Stage 2) hypertension that is uncontrolled/unstable is completely ______ for treatment.
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Severe (Stage 3) or Very Severe (Stage 4) hypertension is always ______ for treatment.
Severe (Stage 3) or Very Severe (Stage 4) hypertension is always ______ for treatment.
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Mild hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication usually requires no ______ modifications.
Mild hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication usually requires no ______ modifications.
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Call 911 if symptoms of cardiac distress do not ______ during treatment.
Call 911 if symptoms of cardiac distress do not ______ during treatment.
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Clients with Mild hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication usually require technique modifications.
Clients with Mild hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication usually require technique modifications.
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If a client shows signs of cardiac distress during treatment, the therapist should continue with the massage even if the client states they feel alright.
If a client shows signs of cardiac distress during treatment, the therapist should continue with the massage even if the client states they feel alright.
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Severe (Stage 3) hypertension is always contraindicated for treatment, but can be modified by the patient's doctor and the blood pressure reading taken by the therapist prior to treatment.
Severe (Stage 3) hypertension is always contraindicated for treatment, but can be modified by the patient's doctor and the blood pressure reading taken by the therapist prior to treatment.
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Moderate (Stage 2) hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication is completely contraindicated for treatment.
Moderate (Stage 2) hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication is completely contraindicated for treatment.
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Tissue bogginess and edema post-massage are signs of cardiac distress during treatment.
Tissue bogginess and edema post-massage are signs of cardiac distress during treatment.
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If the client's symptoms of cardiac distress do not subside, the therapist should call the client's doctor instead of 911.
If the client's symptoms of cardiac distress do not subside, the therapist should call the client's doctor instead of 911.
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What is the purpose of taking blood pressure before and after each treatment?
What is the purpose of taking blood pressure before and after each treatment?
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Why should the therapist avoid elevating the client's limbs above the heart for prolonged periods?
Why should the therapist avoid elevating the client's limbs above the heart for prolonged periods?
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What is the purpose of working distal to proximal and using segmental massage techniques?
What is the purpose of working distal to proximal and using segmental massage techniques?
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Why should the therapist avoid abdominal pillowing?
Why should the therapist avoid abdominal pillowing?
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What should the therapist do if they notice signs of cardiac distress during treatment?
What should the therapist do if they notice signs of cardiac distress during treatment?
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What is the purpose of dividing the back into boxes when working on the back?
What is the purpose of dividing the back into boxes when working on the back?
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The aims of treatment include taking blood pressure before and after each _______________
The aims of treatment include taking blood pressure before and after each _______________
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The therapist should avoid abdominal _______________ as it compresses the abdominal aorta
The therapist should avoid abdominal _______________ as it compresses the abdominal aorta
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To decrease peripheral vascular resistance, the therapist should start with a hand and/or foot _______________
To decrease peripheral vascular resistance, the therapist should start with a hand and/or foot _______________
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When working on the back, the therapist works segmentally, avoiding long _______________
When working on the back, the therapist works segmentally, avoiding long _______________
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The therapist should remain vigilant for any signs of cardiac _______________ throughout the treatment
The therapist should remain vigilant for any signs of cardiac _______________ throughout the treatment
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Any potentially painful techniques are limited and interspersed with _______________ techniques
Any potentially painful techniques are limited and interspersed with _______________ techniques
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What is the approximate normal blood pressure reading?
What is the approximate normal blood pressure reading?
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What is the term for a sudden fainting due to hypotension induced by a nervous system response?
What is the term for a sudden fainting due to hypotension induced by a nervous system response?
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What is the drop in systolic blood pressure that indicates Orthostatic Hypotension?
What is the drop in systolic blood pressure that indicates Orthostatic Hypotension?
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What is the underlying cause of Orthostatic Hypotension?
What is the underlying cause of Orthostatic Hypotension?
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What is the warning sign of Vasovagal Syncope?
What is the warning sign of Vasovagal Syncope?
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What happens to blood when a person assumes an upright posture from a supine position?
What happens to blood when a person assumes an upright posture from a supine position?
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Which of the following groups is more susceptible to experiencing hypotension when assuming a sudden upright position?
Which of the following groups is more susceptible to experiencing hypotension when assuming a sudden upright position?
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What is a recommended precaution to prevent injury when getting a client off the massage table?
What is a recommended precaution to prevent injury when getting a client off the massage table?
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What can be done to help normalize blood flow when getting a client off the massage table?
What can be done to help normalize blood flow when getting a client off the massage table?
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Why should a massage therapist inform a client about possible dizziness when getting up from the massage table?
Why should a massage therapist inform a client about possible dizziness when getting up from the massage table?
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What is a recommended way to facilitate a client's transition from a supine to an upright position?
What is a recommended way to facilitate a client's transition from a supine to an upright position?
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After assuming an upright posture from supine, approx. 500-700ml of blood momentarily shifts to the lower part of the ______.
After assuming an upright posture from supine, approx. 500-700ml of blood momentarily shifts to the lower part of the ______.
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Some clients may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting off the ______ table after laying down for the duration of treatment.
Some clients may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting off the ______ table after laying down for the duration of treatment.
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Be prepared and offer to assist the client off the ______ to prevent injury.
Be prepared and offer to assist the client off the ______ to prevent injury.
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Have the client sit at the edge of the ______ and move legs to assist in skeletal muscle contraction to normalize blood flow.
Have the client sit at the edge of the ______ and move legs to assist in skeletal muscle contraction to normalize blood flow.
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Encourage gradual movement to a ______ position and inform the client of possible dizziness from getting up too quickly.
Encourage gradual movement to a ______ position and inform the client of possible dizziness from getting up too quickly.
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Clients with ______ varicose veins may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting up too quickly.
Clients with ______ varicose veins may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting up too quickly.
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A decrease in the Systolic/Diastolic BP below normal (approx. ______/60) is known as Hypotension.
A decrease in the Systolic/Diastolic BP below normal (approx. ______/60) is known as Hypotension.
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One of the severe cases of hypotension includes ______ Infarction.
One of the severe cases of hypotension includes ______ Infarction.
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Vasovagal Syncope is a type of fainting due to hypotension induced by a nervous system response to ______ stress, pain or trauma.
Vasovagal Syncope is a type of fainting due to hypotension induced by a nervous system response to ______ stress, pain or trauma.
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Orthostatic Hypotension is characterized by an excessive fall in BP on assuming a sudden ______ position.
Orthostatic Hypotension is characterized by an excessive fall in BP on assuming a sudden ______ position.
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In Orthostatic Hypotension, a drop of ______mmHg in Systolic pressure is considered significant.
In Orthostatic Hypotension, a drop of ______mmHg in Systolic pressure is considered significant.
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Vasovagal Syncope is accompanied by a rapid heart rate
Vasovagal Syncope is accompanied by a rapid heart rate
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Hemorrhage is a mild case of hypotension
Hemorrhage is a mild case of hypotension
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Orthostatic Hypotension is a disease
Orthostatic Hypotension is a disease
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A drop of 15mmHg in Systolic pressure is a diagnostic criterion for Orthostatic Hypotension
A drop of 15mmHg in Systolic pressure is a diagnostic criterion for Orthostatic Hypotension
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Acute Myocardial Infarction is a mild case of hypotension
Acute Myocardial Infarction is a mild case of hypotension
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After assuming an upright posture from supine, approx. 1000-1200ml of blood momentarily shifts to the lower part of the body
After assuming an upright posture from supine, approx. 1000-1200ml of blood momentarily shifts to the lower part of the body
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Clients with severe diabetes may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting up too quickly
Clients with severe diabetes may experience symptoms of hypotension when getting up too quickly
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Assisting the client off the table can help prevent injury due to hypotension
Assisting the client off the table can help prevent injury due to hypotension
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Symptoms of hypotension include headaches and nausea
Symptoms of hypotension include headaches and nausea
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Gradual movement to a standing position can help prevent hypotension
Gradual movement to a standing position can help prevent hypotension
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Hypotension is commonly seen in clients with severe hypertension
Hypotension is commonly seen in clients with severe hypertension
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Study Notes
Hypertension Classification
- Classified by severity: Stage 1 (Mild), Stage 2 (Moderate), Stage 3 (Severe), and Stage 4 (Very Severe)
- Diagnosis: Systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg and Diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg after 2-3 consecutive visits
- Classification also includes Primary (Essential, Idiopathic, or Benign), Secondary, and Malignant hypertension
Blood Pressure Ranges
- Normotension: Systolic <120 mmHg and Diastolic <80 mmHg
- High Normal: Systolic 120-139 mmHg and Diastolic 80-89 mmHg
- Stage 1 Hypertension: Systolic 140-159 mmHg and Diastolic 90-109 mmHg
- Stage 2 Hypertension: Systolic 160-179 mmHg and Diastolic 110-119 mmHg
- Stage 3 Hypertension: Systolic 180-209 mmHg and Diastolic 120-129 mmHg
- Stage 4 Hypertension: Systolic ≥210 mmHg and Diastolic ≥130 mmHg
Hypertension in Children and Seniors
- Children: Blood pressure increases with age, and hypertension is diagnosed at lower pressures
- 3-5 years: 116/76 mmHg
- 6-9 years: 122/78 mmHg
- 10-12 years: 126/82 mmHg
- 13-15 years: 136/86 mmHg
- Seniors: Blood pressure is higher than adults, and hypertension is diagnosed at ≥140/90 mmHg
Complications of Hypertension
- Damage to blood vessels: Arteriosclerosis and Arteriolosclerosis
- Heart: Angina Pectoris, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Acute Pulmonary Edema, and Congestive Heart Failure
- Kidneys: Atherosclerotic Plaques on Renal Arteries, Decreased Blood Flow, Tissue Damage, and Decreased Function
- Central Nervous System: Transient Ischemic Attacks, Stroke, and Cognitive Decline
Primary Hypertension
- Accounts for 90-95% of cases
- Cause: Idiopathic (unknown)
- Risk Factors: Biological sex, Race, Age, Family History, Emotional/Physical Stress, Obesity, Cigarette Smoking, and others
Secondary Hypertension
- Accounts for 5-10% of cases
- Causes: Secondary complication to an underlying condition, such as Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Kidney Disease, and others
- Malignant Hypertension: Rapidly progressing and potentially fatal
Medical Treatment
- Lifestyle Modification: Weight reduction, Reduced sodium intake, Reduced alcohol intake, Cessation of smoking, Regular physical activity, and Stress management
- Medications: Diuretics, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel blockers, Vasodilators, and ACE inhibitors
Case History Questions
-
General health
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Age
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Date diagnosed
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Last physical and B/P reading
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Medications and compliance
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Restrictions and lifestyle modifications
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History of massage and response to it
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Other associated symptoms### Cardiac Distress Warning Signs
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Increased heart rate
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Dizziness
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Rapid pulse
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Labored shallow breathing
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Sweating or clamminess of the skin
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Cyanosis (lips and face turn blue)
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Tissue bogginess and edema post-massage
Contraindications and Precautions
- Moderate (Stage 2) hypertension that is uncontrolled/unstable is completely contraindicated for treatment
- Severe (Stage 3) or Very Severe (Stage 4) hypertension is always contraindicated for treatment
- Mild hypertension that is controlled and stable with medication usually requires no treatment modifications, but blood pressure should be monitored before and after treatment
- Moderate hypertension requires positioning, hydrotherapy, and technique modifications
Modified Massage for Clients with Hypertension
- Positioning, hydrotherapy, and technique modifications are required for moderate hypertension
- Limited time in prone position (10 minutes) may be used for mild controlled hypertension that is stable
- Avoid elevating limbs above the heart for prolonged periods
- Avoid abdominal pillowing as it compresses the abdominal aorta
- Avoid prolonged neck stretches or deep anterolateral neck techniques
- Aims of treatment include taking blood pressure before and after each treatment, decreasing sympathetic nervous system firing, and decreasing peripheral vascular resistance
Hypotension
- A decrease in systolic/diastolic blood pressure below normal (approximately 90/60)
- Causes include Acute Myocardial Infarction, Hemorrhage, and Allergic response
- Vasovagal Syncope: sudden fainting due to hypotension induced by nervous system response to abrupt emotional stress, pain, or trauma
- Orthostatic (postural) Hypotension: an excessive fall in BP on assuming a sudden upright position
Precautions and Treatment Modifications for Hypotension
- Be prepared to assist clients off the table to prevent injury
- Encourage gradual movement to a standing position and inform clients of possible dizziness from getting up too quickly
- Have clients sit at the edge of the table and move their legs to assist in skeletal muscle contraction to normalize blood flow
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Description
Test your knowledge on hypertension, its classification, diagnosis, and severity. Learn about the criteria for diagnosing hypertension and its different types.
