Hypertension and Medication Management Quiz

A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs, often occurring during hospital stays.

Factors increasing your chance of getting a DVT, including prolonged bed rest, previous fractures, obesity, immobility, and pregnancy.

Swelling, pain, redness, and warmth in the affected leg.

A type of leukemia where cancerous cells multiply in the bone marrow.

Exposure to radiation and male gender are some risk factors.

Low hemoglobin levels caused by a lack of iron in the body.

Heavy menstrual periods, poor diet, extreme blood loss, and certain GI issues.

Fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, pale skin, and craving for ice.

A reaction to a blood component, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. The patient may experience hives, itching, or difficulty breathing.

A reaction that occurs from bacteria in the blood product, leading to fever, chills, and possibly sepsis. It can occur hours after the transfusion.

A reaction that happens when the body receives too much fluid, causing the circulatory system to become overloaded. This can lead to shortness of breath, increased heart rate, and swelling.

This reaction occurs when the body develops antibodies against white blood cells in the transfused blood. It can occur after multiple transfusions.

The first step in managing most transfusion reactions is to immediately stop the transfusion.

A condition where the body doesn't have enough vitamin B12, leading to problems with red blood cell production and nerve function.

A type of anemia caused by a lack of vitamin B12, often resulting in fatigue, weakness, and neurological symptoms like numbness and tingling.

A condition where blood vessels narrow outside the heart and brain, often affecting leg circulation.

A procedure that involves introducing healthy blood into the bloodstream through an IV line, typically in the arm or hand.

A serious reaction to a blood transfusion characterized by chills, fever, lower back pain, and other symptoms, often occurring within the first 10 ml of transfusion.

A mild transfusion reaction that causes chills and fever due to the recipient's immune reaction to white blood cells in the donated blood.

A condition characterized by leg pain, coldness in the lower limbs, and swollen, enlarged veins.

Lifestyle changes, medications, regular exercise, leg inspections, smoking cessation, and compression therapy are all important elements in managing Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD).

A medication used to lower blood pressure, treat heart problems, and manage anxiety.

A condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure, often above 130/80 mmHg.

Risk factors for hypertension include obesity, diabetes, smoking, and family history of high blood pressure.

Common signs and symptoms of hypertension include headache, facial flushing, and dizziness.

Propranolol is contraindicated in patients with asthma.

A medication that helps your body get rid of excess water and salt, commonly used to treat high blood pressure and swelling.

A condition characterized by bleeding from the nose.

Dry air, nasal injuries, medications like blood thinners, picking the nose, and certain medical conditions.

Sit upright, lean forward, and pinch your nostrils firmly together for 5-10 minutes.

A condition where the right ventricle of the heart can't effectively pump blood to the lungs. This can lead to symptoms like edema, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

Daily weight checks, monitoring potassium levels, and taking the medication early in the morning.

A genetic disorder where red blood cells are sickle shaped, making them more likely to stick together and causing a shortage of healthy red blood cells.

Damage to the blood flow in the left side of the brain, often leading to weakness, vision problems, and sudden headaches.

A type of heart failure where the heart's left ventricle is weakened and can't effectively pump blood to the body.

A type of cancer that affects blood and bone marrow, characterized by excessive production of abnormal white blood cells.

Caused by blocked arteries, this heart condition restricts blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle.

Occurs when the right ventricle of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to the lungs.

The right ventricle's inability to pump blood effectively to the lungs.

Includes treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplantation, and supportive care, such as blood transfusions and infection control measures.

One or more heart valves not functioning properly. Family history and smoking are risk factors.

The arteries supplying oxygen to the limbs are narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow. Risk factors include smoking, injury, high blood pressure (BP), and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Treatment involves taking diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, managing weight, and quitting smoking. Nurses monitor breathing, heart rate, and watch for arrhythmias. Encourage physical activity.

Treatment for PAD involves quitting smoking, dietary changes, and antiplatelet medications (e.g., stents). PAD is a risk factor for heart disease.

This medication is used to treat iron deficiency anemia. Some side effects include constipation, nausea/vomiting, and dark green or black stools.

Left sided heart failure (LSHF) occurs when the left ventricle of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the body, leading to a buildup of pressure in the lungs and other symptoms. This can be caused by conditions like high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and heart valve problems.

Shortness of breath (SOB), especially when lying down (orthopnea), is a common symptom of LSHF, as the heart struggles to pump blood to the lungs effectively. Swelling in the legs and ankles (edema) can also occur due to the pressure buildup in the circulatory system.

Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic used to treat fluid buildup (edema) in LSHF. It increases urine production to remove excess fluids.

Digoxin is a medication used to strengthen heart contractions and improve blood flow in LSHF. It helps the heart pump more efficiently, improving circulation and reducing symptoms like shortness of breath.

Nursing considerations for LSHF patients include monitoring vital signs (heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure), auscultating lung sounds, encouraging lifestyle changes, and educating patients about their medications and self-care. Patients should report any signs of fluid buildup, shortness of breath, or weight gain.

A condition where blood pressure drops significantly when moving from a lying or sitting position to standing, leading to dizziness and lightheadedness.

A drug that lowers cholesterol levels by reducing LDL (bad cholesterol) and increasing HDL (good cholesterol).

A medication used to treat chest pain (angina) by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart.

A condition where the body cannot properly absorb vitamin B12, leading to various symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and neurological issues.

A sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing up, often caused by a decrease in blood volume.

Muscle cramps, cataracts, and liver problems.

Headaches.

Family history of autoimmune disorders, GI surgery, vegan/vegetarian diet, certain infections, and celiac or Crohn's disease.