Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does hypertension mean?
What does hypertension mean?
High blood pressure
Which of the following are major risk factors caused by hypertension? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are major risk factors caused by hypertension? (Select all that apply)
Hypertension is often referred to as the 'Silent Killer'.
Hypertension is often referred to as the 'Silent Killer'.
True
What is the systolic blood pressure threshold for hypertension?
What is the systolic blood pressure threshold for hypertension?
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What is the diastolic blood pressure threshold for hypertension?
What is the diastolic blood pressure threshold for hypertension?
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What is the formula for calculating blood pressure?
What is the formula for calculating blood pressure?
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What is the average range for cardiac output (CO)?
What is the average range for cardiac output (CO)?
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Which statements describe the sympathetic nervous system? (Select all that apply)
Which statements describe the sympathetic nervous system? (Select all that apply)
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What can lead to irreparable end organ damage?
What can lead to irreparable end organ damage?
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Study Notes
Hypertention
- Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition defined as an average of 2 or more readings taken on separate occasions with a systolic BP of 130 mmHg or higher and a diastolic BP of 80 mmHg or higher.
- Hypertension is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it often does not present with obvious symptoms.
- Hypertension can cause irreparable end-organ damage and is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, and retinopathy.
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is calculated as Cardiac Output (CO) multiplied by Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR).
- CO is typically 4-6 L/min.
- SVR is determined by blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel diameter.
- Mean arterial pressure is the average pressure in the arterial circulation throughout the cardiac cycle.
- Systolic pressure is the peak pressure exerted against arterial walls as the ventricles contract and eject blood.
- Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure exerted against arterial walls between contractions, when the heart is at rest.
Regulating Blood Pressure
- The Autonomic Nervous System plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure.
- The Sympathetic Nervous System, known as the “fight or flight” system, controls energy expenditure in stressful situations. It releases norepinephrine (an adrenergic catecholamine), which increases:
- Heart rate
- Cardiac conduction
- Blood pressure
- Vasoconstriction
- Bronchodilation
- Pupil dilation
- The Parasympathetic Nervous System, also known as the “rest and digest” system, helps conserve energy. It releases acetylcholine (a cholinergic neurohormone), which:
- Decreases heart rate
- Decreases blood pressure
- Vasodilates
- Bronchoconstricts
- Constricts pupils
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts related to hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, and its implications on health. It covers definitions, physiological mechanisms, and risk factors associated with elevated blood pressure. Understand how blood pressure is calculated and its significance in medical settings.
