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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of epinephrine in the management of anaphylaxis?
What is the primary action of epinephrine in the management of anaphylaxis?
- Interrupt immune response
- Reduce inflammation in tissues
- Decrease heart rate
- Dilate airways and constrict blood vessels (correct)
Which of the following is a common manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following is a common manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
- Photosensitivity (correct)
- Frequent urination
- Muscle hypertrophy
- Increased appetite
What treatment measure is used for managing anaphylaxis aside from epinephrine?
What treatment measure is used for managing anaphylaxis aside from epinephrine?
- Antipyretics
- Immunosuppressants
- Corticosteroids (correct)
- Antibiotics
In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, which B cell behavior is commonly observed?
In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, which B cell behavior is commonly observed?
Which of these foods is a common allergen that can trigger anaphylactic reactions?
Which of these foods is a common allergen that can trigger anaphylactic reactions?
What is the role of T-cells in the immune response observed in SLE?
What is the role of T-cells in the immune response observed in SLE?
What is the primary feature of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
What is the primary feature of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
Which factor does NOT influence the severity of anaphylaxis?
Which factor does NOT influence the severity of anaphylaxis?
Which treatment is primarily used for immediate relief during anaphylaxis?
Which treatment is primarily used for immediate relief during anaphylaxis?
Which hypersensitivity type involves phagocytosis due to IgM or IgG antibodies?
Which hypersensitivity type involves phagocytosis due to IgM or IgG antibodies?
What is a characteristic sign of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
What is a characteristic sign of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which type of immune response is primarily involved in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
Which type of immune response is primarily involved in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
What is the role of corticosteroids in allergic reactions?
What is the role of corticosteroids in allergic reactions?
Which of the following is an environmental allergen?
Which of the following is an environmental allergen?
What is the primary mechanism of action for histamine 1-receptor antagonists in treating allergic reactions?
What is the primary mechanism of action for histamine 1-receptor antagonists in treating allergic reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for anaphylaxis?
Which type of immune response is primarily involved in anaphylaxis?
Which type of immune response is primarily involved in anaphylaxis?
What is the primary purpose of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
What is the primary purpose of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an immunosuppressant/immunomodulator in the treatment of SLE?
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an immunosuppressant/immunomodulator in the treatment of SLE?
What is the primary role of histamine 2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic reactions?
What is the primary role of histamine 2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following medications is typically used for the long-term management of allergic rhinitis (hay fever)?
Which of the following medications is typically used for the long-term management of allergic rhinitis (hay fever)?
What is the difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis?
What is the difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the deposition of immune complexes in tissues?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the deposition of immune complexes in tissues?
What is the primary mechanism of action of bronchodilators in the treatment of allergic reactions?
What is the primary mechanism of action of bronchodilators in the treatment of allergic reactions?
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
What is the primary function of mast cells in allergic reactions?
What is the primary function of mast cells in allergic reactions?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated release of histamine from mast cells and basophils?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated release of histamine from mast cells and basophils?
What is the primary goal of treatment for anaphylaxis?
What is the primary goal of treatment for anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is a common manifestation of an allergic reaction?
Which of the following is a common manifestation of an allergic reaction?
What role do autoantibodies play in the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What role do autoantibodies play in the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Which treatment is considered essential for the immediate management of anaphylaxis?
Which treatment is considered essential for the immediate management of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following best describes the type of immunity involved in allergic reactions?
Which of the following best describes the type of immunity involved in allergic reactions?
What is one of the characteristic signs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What is one of the characteristic signs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Which therapeutic measure is used to manage allergic reactions through desensitization?
Which therapeutic measure is used to manage allergic reactions through desensitization?
What factor primarily influences the severity of an anaphylactic reaction?
What factor primarily influences the severity of an anaphylactic reaction?
Which of the following medications is primarily used as an H1-receptor antagonist in the treatment of allergic reactions?
Which of the following medications is primarily used as an H1-receptor antagonist in the treatment of allergic reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for anaphylaxis?
What is the primary purpose of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
What is the primary purpose of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
What is the primary mechanism of action for histamine 1-receptor antagonists in treating allergic reactions?
What is the primary mechanism of action for histamine 1-receptor antagonists in treating allergic reactions?
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an immunosuppressant/immunomodulator in the treatment of SLE?
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an immunosuppressant/immunomodulator in the treatment of SLE?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anaphylaxis?
What is the primary role of histamine 2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic reactions?
What is the primary role of histamine 2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic reactions?
What is the primary purpose of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
What is the primary purpose of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of anaphylaxis?
What is the primary mechanism of action of histamine 1-receptor antagonists in treating allergic reactions?
What is the primary mechanism of action of histamine 1-receptor antagonists in treating allergic reactions?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated release of histamine from mast cells and basophils?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated release of histamine from mast cells and basophils?
What is the primary role of mast cells in allergic reactions?
What is the primary role of mast cells in allergic reactions?
Which of the following is a common trigger for anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is a common trigger for anaphylaxis?
What is the primary goal of treatment for anaphylaxis?
What is the primary goal of treatment for anaphylaxis?
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an immunosuppressant/immunomodulator in the treatment of SLE?
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an immunosuppressant/immunomodulator in the treatment of SLE?
What is the primary role of histamine 2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic reactions?
What is the primary role of histamine 2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of allergic reactions?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves phagocytosis due to IgM or IgG antibodies?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves phagocytosis due to IgM or IgG antibodies?
Study Notes
Hypersensitivity Responses
- Altered immune response to an antigen, potentially causing harm.
- Environmental antigens are termed allergens, leading to varied response severity, from mild to life-threatening.
Types of Hypersensitivity
- Type I: Immediate hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis), IgE-mediated, involving histamine release. Common allergens: dust, drugs, stings.
- Type II: Cytotoxic response, involving IgM or IgG antibodies. Targets cell surface antigens, leading to phagocytosis (e.g., transfusion reactions).
- Type III: Immune complex-mediated, involves the deposition of immune complexes that damage tissues (e.g., Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).
- Type IV: T cell-mediated, localized hypersensitivity reactions.
Risk Factors for Hypersensitivity
- Previous exposure to allergens.
- Age, sex, concurrent illnesses, and family history increase susceptibility.
- Severity of anaphylaxis influenced by the route, amount, rate of absorption, and individual sensitivity.
Anaphylaxis Overview
- Extreme allergic reaction to various triggers including foods, medications, and insect stings.
- Symptoms can range from mild (sneezing, hives) to severe (breathing and circulation restrictions).
- Symptoms manifest within minutes to hours post-exposure; can recur or last for extended periods.
Anaphylaxis Management
- Immediate actions: Airway support, administration of epinephrine, oxygen, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.
- Pharmacological treatments include:
- Epinephrine for acute reactions.
- Antihistamines to block histamine release.
- Corticosteroids and bronchodilators for inflammation and airway management.
Allergic Reaction Treatments
- Pharmacological:
- Antihistamines: e.g., diphenhydramine; most effective prophylactically.
- H2 Receptor antagonists: e.g., ranitidine; can complement H1 blockers.
- Immunosuppressants: e.g., azathioprine; used when steroids are ineffective.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple systems with unknown origin.
- Characterized by autoimmune activity: presence of autoantibodies (e.g., ANA) and B-cell hyperreactivity.
- Conditions can range from mild to severe, impacting organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys.
- Management may include pharmacotherapy and plasmapheresis to replace unhealthy plasma.
Common Anaphylaxis Triggers
- Drugs: Penicillins, insulins, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics.
- Insect Venoms: Stings from wasps, hornets, and bees.
Manifestations of Anaphylaxis
- Immediate reactions can appear with a range of symptoms affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems.
- Recognition and swift intervention are critical to manage life-threatening responses.
Hypersensitivity Responses
- Altered immune response to an antigen, potentially causing harm.
- Environmental antigens are termed allergens, leading to varied response severity, from mild to life-threatening.
Types of Hypersensitivity
- Type I: Immediate hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis), IgE-mediated, involving histamine release. Common allergens: dust, drugs, stings.
- Type II: Cytotoxic response, involving IgM or IgG antibodies. Targets cell surface antigens, leading to phagocytosis (e.g., transfusion reactions).
- Type III: Immune complex-mediated, involves the deposition of immune complexes that damage tissues (e.g., Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).
- Type IV: T cell-mediated, localized hypersensitivity reactions.
Risk Factors for Hypersensitivity
- Previous exposure to allergens.
- Age, sex, concurrent illnesses, and family history increase susceptibility.
- Severity of anaphylaxis influenced by the route, amount, rate of absorption, and individual sensitivity.
Anaphylaxis Overview
- Extreme allergic reaction to various triggers including foods, medications, and insect stings.
- Symptoms can range from mild (sneezing, hives) to severe (breathing and circulation restrictions).
- Symptoms manifest within minutes to hours post-exposure; can recur or last for extended periods.
Anaphylaxis Management
- Immediate actions: Airway support, administration of epinephrine, oxygen, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.
- Pharmacological treatments include:
- Epinephrine for acute reactions.
- Antihistamines to block histamine release.
- Corticosteroids and bronchodilators for inflammation and airway management.
Allergic Reaction Treatments
- Pharmacological:
- Antihistamines: e.g., diphenhydramine; most effective prophylactically.
- H2 Receptor antagonists: e.g., ranitidine; can complement H1 blockers.
- Immunosuppressants: e.g., azathioprine; used when steroids are ineffective.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple systems with unknown origin.
- Characterized by autoimmune activity: presence of autoantibodies (e.g., ANA) and B-cell hyperreactivity.
- Conditions can range from mild to severe, impacting organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys.
- Management may include pharmacotherapy and plasmapheresis to replace unhealthy plasma.
Common Anaphylaxis Triggers
- Drugs: Penicillins, insulins, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics.
- Insect Venoms: Stings from wasps, hornets, and bees.
Manifestations of Anaphylaxis
- Immediate reactions can appear with a range of symptoms affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems.
- Recognition and swift intervention are critical to manage life-threatening responses.
Hypersensitivity Responses
- Altered immune response to an antigen, potentially causing harm.
- Environmental antigens are termed allergens, leading to varied response severity, from mild to life-threatening.
Types of Hypersensitivity
- Type I: Immediate hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis), IgE-mediated, involving histamine release. Common allergens: dust, drugs, stings.
- Type II: Cytotoxic response, involving IgM or IgG antibodies. Targets cell surface antigens, leading to phagocytosis (e.g., transfusion reactions).
- Type III: Immune complex-mediated, involves the deposition of immune complexes that damage tissues (e.g., Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).
- Type IV: T cell-mediated, localized hypersensitivity reactions.
Risk Factors for Hypersensitivity
- Previous exposure to allergens.
- Age, sex, concurrent illnesses, and family history increase susceptibility.
- Severity of anaphylaxis influenced by the route, amount, rate of absorption, and individual sensitivity.
Anaphylaxis Overview
- Extreme allergic reaction to various triggers including foods, medications, and insect stings.
- Symptoms can range from mild (sneezing, hives) to severe (breathing and circulation restrictions).
- Symptoms manifest within minutes to hours post-exposure; can recur or last for extended periods.
Anaphylaxis Management
- Immediate actions: Airway support, administration of epinephrine, oxygen, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.
- Pharmacological treatments include:
- Epinephrine for acute reactions.
- Antihistamines to block histamine release.
- Corticosteroids and bronchodilators for inflammation and airway management.
Allergic Reaction Treatments
- Pharmacological:
- Antihistamines: e.g., diphenhydramine; most effective prophylactically.
- H2 Receptor antagonists: e.g., ranitidine; can complement H1 blockers.
- Immunosuppressants: e.g., azathioprine; used when steroids are ineffective.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple systems with unknown origin.
- Characterized by autoimmune activity: presence of autoantibodies (e.g., ANA) and B-cell hyperreactivity.
- Conditions can range from mild to severe, impacting organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys.
- Management may include pharmacotherapy and plasmapheresis to replace unhealthy plasma.
Common Anaphylaxis Triggers
- Drugs: Penicillins, insulins, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics.
- Insect Venoms: Stings from wasps, hornets, and bees.
Manifestations of Anaphylaxis
- Immediate reactions can appear with a range of symptoms affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems.
- Recognition and swift intervention are critical to manage life-threatening responses.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of hypersensitivity responses, including types and risk factors, as well as allergic reactions and their diagnosis.
