Hypersensitivity Reactions Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by localized symptoms such as wheezing and urticaria?

  • Type I (correct)
  • Type II
  • Type IV
  • Type III

    • Which of the following is NOT a common manifestation of Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

  • Urticaria
  • Hypotension (correct)
  • Joint pain
  • Fever

    • What is a recommended action to avoid developing a latex allergy in healthcare settings?

  • Check for products containing natural rubber latex (correct)
  • Use unpowdered latex gloves for all tasks
  • Apply oil-based lotions when wearing latex gloves
  • Use latex gloves only

    • Which symptom may indicate a serious reaction to latex?

    <p>Rash and hives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can mild hypersensitivity symptoms last before resolving?

    <p>A few hours to a day or two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction is typically delayed and may include erythema and itching?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice should be avoided when using latex gloves to prevent allergic reactions?

    <p>Using oil-based lotions on hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to worsen with acute exacerbations of allergic rhinitis or asthma lasting longer than a couple of days?

    <p>Localized infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal in managing allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Reducing exposure to the allergen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pharmacologic therapy for allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with allergic asthma?

    <p>Chest pain or tightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended treatment for severe allergic asthma if symptoms persist for more than 2–3 days?

    <p>Prescribe oral steroids and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can patients minimize allergic rhinitis symptoms after being outdoors?

    <p>Showering and removing outdoor clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Erythematous, pruritic, dry skin patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a management strategy specifically for contact dermatitis?

    <p>Applying cool, wet compresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skin condition is characterized by a 'target'-like appearance?

    <p>Erythema multiforme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managing drug rashes, what is the initial recommended action?

    <p>Removing the offending drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may accompany contact dermatitis?

    <p>Dry, cracked, scaly skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which case might prescription creams or medications be necessary?

    <p>Severe contact dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of treatment is generally recommended for erythema multiforme?

    <p>Symptomatic management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of drug rashes?

    <p>Adverse drug reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes atopic dermatitis?

    <p>It is characterized by dry skin patches on various body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical symptom of contact dermatitis?

    <p>An erythematous, pruritic rash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common management strategy for drug rashes?

    <p>Removal of the offending drug is the first step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is usually not recommended for erythema multiforme?

    <p>Aggressive topical steroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom that may accompany drug rashes?

    <p>Localized redness with small blisters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, which treatment might be necessary?

    <p>Topical PDE-4 inhibitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy is advised for contact dermatitis?

    <p>Applying hydrocortisone cream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about erythema multiforme is incorrect?

    <p>It exclusively affects the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of allergic conjunctivitis?

    <p>Red, watery eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of treatment for iritis?

    <p>Preserving vision and relieving pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate a food hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important management strategy for headaches triggered by allergies?

    <p>Avoidance of known triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly recommended for the management of allergic fatigue?

    <p>Antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When experiencing severe anaphylaxis, what is a critical immediate management step?

    <p>Administer an epinephrine autoinjector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action to help manage the discomfort from iritis?

    <p>Cool compresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is often associated with severe allergic reactions, which may lead to convulsions?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for vulvovaginitis caused by hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Sitz baths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the development of symptoms within 3 months following a transplant?

    <p>Acute graft-versus-host disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be associated with leukopenia caused by autoimmune disease?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key management strategy for anaphylactic shock?

    <p>High-flow oxygen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly reported in serum sickness?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which complication should patients who have undergone a transplant be carefully assessed?

    <p>Graft-versus-host disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of treatment for leukopenia, what type of therapy might be administered?

    <p>Iron therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic graft-versus-host disease?

    <p>Dry eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of immunosuppressant drugs in managing graft-versus-host disease?

    <p>To prevent immune system overactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can develop as a result of anaphylactic shock that may indicate a severe condition?

    <p>Throat tightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hypersensitivity Manifestations

    • Hypersensitivity reactions range from mild to severe, life-threatening, and can be localized or systemic.
    • Presensitization to an antigen is required for hypersensitivity.
    • Four types of hypersensitivity reactions:
      • Type I (Localized): Hypotension, wheezing, gastrointestinal/uterine spasm, stridor, urticaria.
      • Type II (Tissue-Specific): Dyspnea, fever.
      • Type III (Immune-Mediated): Urticaria, fever, joint pain.
      • Type IV (Delayed): Fever, erythema, itching.

    Mild Hypersensitivity

    • Symptoms include rhinitis, watery/itchy eyes, scratchy throat.
    • Symptoms typically last a few hours to a couple of days and often resolve independently or with over-the-counter treatments.
    • Prolonged, acute exacerbations (more than 1-2 days) may lead to localized infections.

    Moderate Hypersensitivity

    • Respiratory symptoms: Difficulty breathing, congestion, loss of smell, taste, and appetite.
    • Skin symptoms: Urticaria, atopic/contact dermatitis.
    • Food allergy symptoms: Urticaria, tingling in the mouth/lips, gastrointestinal symptoms.

    Severe Hypersensitivity

    • Respiratory distress, death are possible outcomes to severe reactions.
    • The location of initial reaction or the antigen's method of entry does not affect severity & potential danger.

    Latex Allergy Protection

    • Healthcare workers are at high risk due to frequent exposure to natural rubber latex (NRL) products.
    • Check products for the FDA label: "Caution: This product contains natural rubber latex, which may cause allergic reactions."
    • Use nonlatex gloves whenever possible.
    • Use powder-free latex, as powder is an allergen carrier.
    • Avoid oil-based lotions with latex gloves (as they break down the latex).
    • If latex allergy symptoms occur (rash, hives, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, cough, wheezing), contact employee health.
    • If diagnosed with NRL allergy: Avoid contact, notify physician, dentist, employer, wear medical ID bracelet.

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    Description

    Explore the different types of hypersensitivity reactions ranging from mild to severe. You'll learn about the symptoms associated with each type, such as localized and systemic responses, as well as the timeline of symptoms from mild allergies to more serious conditions. Test your understanding of hypersensitivity in this informative quiz.

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