Hypersensitivity Reactions in Immunology

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Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by skin reactions that are usually papular and erythematous and may involve the feet, eyes, ears, and axile or perianal area?

Hypersensitivity type III

Atopic dermatitis in dogs

Hypersensitivity type II

Type I food allergy (correct)

Which of the following skin conditions in dogs tends to respond poorly to corticosteroids?

Hypersensitivity type I food allergy (correct)

Atopic dermatitis in dogs

Hypersensitivity type II

Hypersensitivity type III

Which of the following breeds has a major predilection for Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in dogs?

Labradors

Huskies

Cocker spaniels (correct)

Poodles

What is a common trigger for Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in dogs?

House dust mites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following manifestations is commonly seen in dogs affected by Atopic Dermatitis (AD)?

Pruritus Signup and view all the answers

What might chronic licking and scratching lead to in dogs with Atopic Dermatitis?

Hair loss, papules, scaling, and crusting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Histamine release from mast cells and basophils Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

What is required for hypersensitivity reactions to occur?

A pre-sensitized immune state Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction primarily involves immunoglobulin E antibodies?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

What is the traditional classification system for hypersensitivity reactions?

Gell and Coombs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction primarily involves complement fixation?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

What can provoke anaphylaxis in animals?

Rupture of a hydatid cyst or blood transfusion from a dog infected with Dirofilaria Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with allergies to parasites?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of rapid elimination of transfused red cells in genetically different individuals?

Antibody response to red cell antigens Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in the rapid elimination of transfused red cells?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the elimination of transfused red cells in genetically different individuals?

Both intravascular hemolysis by complement and extravascular destruction through opsonization and removal by the mononuclear phagocyte system Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with red cell antigens and antibody-mediated hypersensitivity?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are primarily involved in the tuberculin reaction?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present antigen to memory T cells after tuberculin is injected intradermally?

Langerhans cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6 in the tuberculin reaction?

They promote the activation of T cells, macrophages and basophils Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for tissue damage in the tuberculin reaction?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an animal is invaded by M.tuberculosis?

Memory cells are generated in response to mycobacterial antigen Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response is the tuberculin reaction?

Type IV hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of neutrophils in the Arthus reaction?

To phagocytize immune complexes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is primarily involved in staphylococcal hypersensitivity?

Type III Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of delayed hypersensitivity reactions?

Interactions among the injected antigen, antigen presenting cells, and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of delayed hypersensitivity reactions?

To eliminate antigens resistant to conventional acute inflammatory processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mast cells in the Arthus reaction?

To release neutrophil chemotactic factor and proteases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of pruritic pustular dermatitis in dogs?

Type III hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the major role of IgE mediated responses in hypersensitivity type I?

Control of helminth parasites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major content of the granules released during eosinophil degranulation?

Cationic proteins and peroxidase Signup and view all the answers

In hypersensitivity type I, what is the primary cause of clinical signs?

Inflammatory mediators from mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response is characterized by eosinophil degranulation in response to IgE-coated parasites?

Type I hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

How do eosinophils primarily contribute to the destruction of large parasites?

Degranulation in the surrounding fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce molecules that stimulate the release of eosinophils into the bloodstream?

Th cells and mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of skin diseases in dogs are attributed to allergic dermatitis?

30% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is commonly involved in food allergies in dogs?

Fish Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in dogs?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical areas are commonly affected by skin reactions in dogs with food allergies?

Feet and ears Signup and view all the answers

Which breed of dog is NOT mentioned as having a major predilection for Atopic Dermatitis (AD)?

Dalmatians Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic response of skin lesions in chronic cases of allergic dermatitis in dogs?

Hyperpigmentation Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the major shock organ in dogs during acute anaphylaxis?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is affected by inhaled antigens in acute anaphylaxis?

Upper respiratory tract, trachea, and bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ingested protein is absorbed as peptide fragments large enough to be recognized as foreign?

2% Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an animal undergoes acute anaphylaxis?

It experiences symptoms due to vasoactive molecules binding to their receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is not a major shock organ in cattle, pigs, sheep and cats during acute anaphylaxis?

Intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical course of acute anaphylaxis determined by?

The organ involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of tuberculin used in skin tests?

Purified protein derivate (PPD) tuberculin Signup and view all the answers

When does the inflammation begin after the intradermal injection of tuberculin in a sensitized animal?

Between 12 and 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a skin test in a normal healthy animal when tuberculin is injected?

No apparent response Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the greatest intensity of the tuberculin reaction in a sensitized animal?

24-72 hours Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response is primarily involved in the tuberculin reaction?

Type IV hypersensitivity response Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are used to prepare PPD tuberculin?

M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, or M. avium Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response is characterized by enzymes released by neutrophils causing mast cells to degranulate?

Type III Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves a pruritic pustular dermatitis of dogs?

Type III Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by slowly developing inflammation at the injection site?

Type IV Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by specialized forms of inflammation directed against antigens that are resistant to elimination by conventional acute inflammatory processes?

Type IV Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction primarily involves complement fixation?

Type III Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by skin reactions that are usually papular and erythematous and may involve the feet, eyes, ears, and axile or perianal area?

Type I Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Hypersensitivity Reactions in Immunology

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Questions and Answers

Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by skin reactions that are usually papular and erythematous and may involve the feet, eyes, ears, and axile or perianal area?

Which of the following skin conditions in dogs tends to respond poorly to corticosteroids?

Which of the following breeds has a major predilection for Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in dogs?

What is a common trigger for Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in dogs?

Which of the following manifestations is commonly seen in dogs affected by Atopic Dermatitis (AD)?

What might chronic licking and scratching lead to in dogs with Atopic Dermatitis?

What is the primary cause of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions?

What is required for hypersensitivity reactions to occur?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction primarily involves immunoglobulin E antibodies?

What is the traditional classification system for hypersensitivity reactions?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction primarily involves complement fixation?

What can provoke anaphylaxis in animals?

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with allergies to parasites?

What is the cause of rapid elimination of transfused red cells in genetically different individuals?

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in the rapid elimination of transfused red cells?

What is the result of the elimination of transfused red cells in genetically different individuals?

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with red cell antigens and antibody-mediated hypersensitivity?

What type of cells are primarily involved in the tuberculin reaction?

Which cells present antigen to memory T cells after tuberculin is injected intradermally?

What is the role of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6 in the tuberculin reaction?

Which cells are primarily responsible for tissue damage in the tuberculin reaction?

What happens when an animal is invaded by M.tuberculosis?

What type of immune response is the tuberculin reaction?

What is the primary role of neutrophils in the Arthus reaction?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is primarily involved in staphylococcal hypersensitivity?

What is the primary cause of delayed hypersensitivity reactions?

What is the primary function of delayed hypersensitivity reactions?

What is the role of mast cells in the Arthus reaction?

What is the primary cause of pruritic pustular dermatitis in dogs?

What is the major role of IgE mediated responses in hypersensitivity type I?

Which of the following is a major content of the granules released during eosinophil degranulation?

In hypersensitivity type I, what is the primary cause of clinical signs?

What type of immune response is characterized by eosinophil degranulation in response to IgE-coated parasites?

How do eosinophils primarily contribute to the destruction of large parasites?

Which cells produce molecules that stimulate the release of eosinophils into the bloodstream?

What percentage of skin diseases in dogs are attributed to allergic dermatitis?

Which of the following foods is commonly involved in food allergies in dogs?

Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in dogs?

Which anatomical areas are commonly affected by skin reactions in dogs with food allergies?

Which breed of dog is NOT mentioned as having a major predilection for Atopic Dermatitis (AD)?

What is the characteristic response of skin lesions in chronic cases of allergic dermatitis in dogs?

Which organ is the major shock organ in dogs during acute anaphylaxis?

Which of the following organs is affected by inhaled antigens in acute anaphylaxis?

What percentage of ingested protein is absorbed as peptide fragments large enough to be recognized as foreign?

What happens when an animal undergoes acute anaphylaxis?

Which of the following organs is not a major shock organ in cattle, pigs, sheep and cats during acute anaphylaxis?

What is the clinical course of acute anaphylaxis determined by?

What is the primary component of tuberculin used in skin tests?

When does the inflammation begin after the intradermal injection of tuberculin in a sensitized animal?

What is the result of a skin test in a normal healthy animal when tuberculin is injected?

What is the duration of the greatest intensity of the tuberculin reaction in a sensitized animal?

What type of immune response is primarily involved in the tuberculin reaction?

Which organisms are used to prepare PPD tuberculin?

What type of immune response is characterized by enzymes released by neutrophils causing mast cells to degranulate?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves a pruritic pustular dermatitis of dogs?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by slowly developing inflammation at the injection site?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by specialized forms of inflammation directed against antigens that are resistant to elimination by conventional acute inflammatory processes?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction primarily involves complement fixation?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by skin reactions that are usually papular and erythematous and may involve the feet, eyes, ears, and axile or perianal area?

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