Hypersensitivity Disorders in Dogs

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Questions and Answers

What are the triggering factors for urticaria and angioedema?

Genetics, environmental pollutants, and stress

Drugs, vaccines, bacterins, food, food additives, and sitting or biting insects (correct)

Allergies, infections, and trauma

Sunlight, heat, and cold

What is the primary type of hypersensitivity involved in the pathogenesis of urticaria and angioedema?

Type III hypersensitivity - formation of immune complexes

Type IV hypersensitivity - delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Type I hypersensitivity - IgE against previously encountered allergen (correct)

Type II hypersensitivity - cytotoxic reaction

What are the non-immunologic factors that can lead to mast cell degranulation in urticaria and angioedema?

Infections and autoimmune reactions

Genetic predisposition and hormonal changes

Medication side effects and environmental toxins

Pressure, sunlight, heat, cold, exercise, stress, and chemicals (correct)

What are the clinical features of urticaria?

Acute onset of variably pruritic wheals that may resolve and appear elsewhere Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes angioedema from urticaria?

Angioedema involves large, edematous swellings usually localized to the head Signup and view all the answers

What can rarely occur in severe cases of urticaria and angioedema?

Anaphylactic shock with hypotension, collapse, GI signs, or death Signup and view all the answers

In which animals is urticaria common and angioedema uncommon?

Dogs Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of the clinical syndrome of 'feline miliary dermatitis'?

Flea Allergy Dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the immediate itch associated with flea bites?

Flea saliva containing anticoagulants and pruritogenic enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method to diagnose flea allergy dermatitis?

Clinical signs and distribution of lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the modern approach to eradicating a flea infestation?

Cleaning the indoor environment, treating shaded outdoor areas, and treating all pets in the household Signup and view all the answers

What factors favor the development and severity of clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis?

First exposure to fleas later in life Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why topical insecticides cannot completely prevent fleas from feeding?

Flea feeding habits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why several topical and oral insecticides have a positive clinical effect in treating patients with flea allergy dermatitis?

They kill existing fleas and interrupt the flea life cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial speed of kill of flea adulticides?

Killing fleas fast at the beginning of the treatment period Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insecticides in managing Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)?

Killing fleas fast enough to keep allergic animals below their pruritic threshold Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to failure of flea control?

Failure to break the life cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is a special consideration for cats in flea control?

Sensitivity to products containing permethrin at concentrations higher than 0.1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of premises treatment in flea control?

To prevent reproduction and kill the fleas before they lay eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of outdoor treatment in flea control?

Every 7 to 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the failure of flea control?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method for flea control?

Preventive flea control Signup and view all the answers

What are some differential diagnoses for urticaria in dogs?

Folliculitis, vasculitis, erythema multiforme Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible treatment for severe angioedema in dogs?

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate, prednisolone sodium succinate, epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most common pruritic skin diseases in dogs?

Flea Allergy Dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Flea Allergy Dermatitis in dogs?

Hypersensitivity reaction to allergens in flea saliva Signup and view all the answers

How do adult fleas contribute to flea infestation?

They spend most of their time on the pet, actively feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a method for diagnosing urticaria in dogs?

Diascopy Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for animals not developing anaphylactic shock?

Long-term therapy for concurrent underlying allergic dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypersensitivity Disorders in Dogs: Urticaria, Angioedema, and Flea Allergy Dermatitis

Lesions can coalesce to form large edematous plaques in cases of urticaria and angioedema
Differential diagnoses for urticaria include folliculitis, vasculitis, erythema multiforme, cutaneous lymphoma, amyloidosis, and mast cell tumor
Differential diagnoses for angioedema include juvenile cellulitis, bacterial or fungal cellulitis, neoplasia, and snake bites
Diagnosis involves a thorough history to identify triggering factors, including allergenic stimulators, drug administration timing, seasonal occurrences, and response to previous treatments
Diascopy can be used for diagnosis, where blanching indicates urticaria, and non-blanching may indicate vasculitis or tick-borne disease
Treatment for urticaria and mild angioedema may involve prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and diphenhydramine
Severe angioedema interfering with breathing may require dexamethasone sodium phosphate, prednisolone sodium succinate, and epinephrine
Prognosis is good for animals not developing anaphylactic shock; long-term therapy is recommended for concurrent underlying allergic dermatitis
Flea Allergy Dermatitis is one of the most common pruritic skin diseases in dogs, caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to allergens in flea saliva
Fleas are small, wingless, bloodsucking insects, with over 2200 species and subspecies, parasitizing mammals and birds
Infested animals and environments, both indoor and outdoor, contribute to flea infestation; the flea life cycle is affected by environmental conditions
Adult fleas spend most of their time on the pet, actively feeding, and must find a host within 1 to 2 weeks or they die; host-ectoparasite relationships, grooming habits, and inter-host movement of adult fleas play a significant role in flea longevity and infestation

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Description

Test your knowledge of hypersensitivity disorders in dogs, including urticaria, angioedema, and flea allergy dermatitis. Explore the differential diagnoses, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for these conditions.