33 Questions
What is the normal serum range of magnesium?
1.6 - 2.5 mEq/L
What is the term for serum Mg < 1.6 mEq/L?
Hypomagnesemia
What is a common cause of hypomagnesemia?
Medications such as laxatives
What is a role of magnesium in the body?
Co-factor in several enzymatic processes
Where is magnesium mostly stored in the body?
Muscle and bone
Where is almost all of the total body calcium stored?
In the bones
What is the normal serum range of calcium?
8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
What is the most accurate estimation of calcium?
Measuring the ionic calcium (Ca2+) concentration
What is the treatment for acute and symptomatic hypocalcemia?
IV calcium supplementation
What is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease?
Hypercalcemia
What is the goal of bisphosphonate therapy in hypercalcemia treatment?
To redistribute calcium back into the bones
What is the formula for calculating the total body water deficit in hypernatremia?
0.6 x Wt. for males and 0.5 x Wt. for females
What is the maximum correction rate of sodium levels to prevent cerebral edema?
0.5 mEq/L/hr
What is the primary characteristic of diabetes insipidus?
Excretion of large volumes of dilute urine
What is the difference between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
The response to Desmopressin challenge
What is the primary treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Discontinuing the causative medication
What is the minimum urine osmolality characteristic of diabetes insipidus?
300 mOsm/kg
What is the typical dosage of sodium bicarbonate infusion for treating chronic metabolic acidosis?
2-5 mEq/kg IV over 4-8 hours
What is the primary goal of treatment for chronic metabolic acidosis?
pH elevation to 7.2
Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic alkalosis?
Increase in plasma HCO3 (>28 mEq/L)
What is a common cause of chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting
What is a treatment option for chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis?
Spironolactone
What is the brand name of potassium citrate tablets used to treat chronic metabolic acidosis?
Urocit K
What percentage of phosphorus is stored in the bone?
80-85%
What is the normal serum phosphate range?
2.8 - 4.5 mg/dL
What is the term for phosphorus levels < 2.5 mg/dL?
Hypophosphatemia
What is a severe symptom of hypophosphatemia?
Rickets
Which medication can cause hypophosphatemia?
All of the above
What is the treatment approach for mild to moderate hypophosphatemia?
Oral phosphorus supplementation
What is the term for phosphorus levels > 4.5 mg/dL?
Hyperphosphatemia
What is a possible cause of hyperphosphatemia?
Reduced excretion
What is the goal of acid-base balance regulation?
Keeping pH within a tight range
What is the term for the ability of a weak acid or its corresponding base to resist changes in pH?
Buffering
This quiz will test your knowledge on how to correct and treat hypernatremia, including calculating the correction rate and choosing the appropriate method and route of correction fluid. It will also cover treatment options such as free water and hypotonic IV fluids. Get ready to put your medical skills to the test!
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