Hypernatremia Correction and Treatment

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What is the normal serum range of magnesium?

1.8 - 3.0 mEq/L
1.2 - 2.1 mEq/L
1.6 - 2.5 mEq/L (correct)
2.0 - 3.5 mEq/L

What is the term for serum Mg < 1.6 mEq/L?

Hypomagnesemia (correct)
Magnesium Deficiency
HyperMagnesemia
Magnesium Homeostasis

What is a common cause of hypomagnesemia?

Vitamin deficiencies
Food poisoning
Medications such as antidepressants
Medications such as laxatives (correct)

What is a role of magnesium in the body?

Co-factor in several enzymatic processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is magnesium mostly stored in the body?

Muscle and bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is almost all of the total body calcium stored?

In the bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum range of calcium?

8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate estimation of calcium?

Measuring the ionic calcium (Ca2+) concentration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for acute and symptomatic hypocalcemia?

IV calcium supplementation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease?

Hypercalcemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of bisphosphonate therapy in hypercalcemia treatment?

To redistribute calcium back into the bones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the total body water deficit in hypernatremia?

0.6 x Wt. for males and 0.5 x Wt. for females (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum correction rate of sodium levels to prevent cerebral edema?

0.5 mEq/L/hr (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of diabetes insipidus?

Excretion of large volumes of dilute urine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

The response to Desmopressin challenge (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Discontinuing the causative medication (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum urine osmolality characteristic of diabetes insipidus?

300 mOsm/kg (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical dosage of sodium bicarbonate infusion for treating chronic metabolic acidosis?

2-5 mEq/kg IV over 4-8 hours (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for chronic metabolic acidosis?

pH elevation to 7.2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic alkalosis?

Increase in plasma HCO3 (>28 mEq/L) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis?

Vomiting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment option for chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis?

Spironolactone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name of potassium citrate tablets used to treat chronic metabolic acidosis?

Urocit K (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of phosphorus is stored in the bone?

80-85% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum phosphate range?

2.8 - 4.5 mg/dL (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for phosphorus levels < 2.5 mg/dL?

Hypophosphatemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe symptom of hypophosphatemia?

Rickets (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can cause hypophosphatemia?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for mild to moderate hypophosphatemia?

Oral phosphorus supplementation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for phosphorus levels > 4.5 mg/dL?

Hyperphosphatemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of hyperphosphatemia?

Reduced excretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of acid-base balance regulation?

Keeping pH within a tight range (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a weak acid or its corresponding base to resist changes in pH?

Buffering (B) Signup and view all the answers