Hypernatremia Correction and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal serum range of magnesium?

  • 1.8 - 3.0 mEq/L
  • 1.2 - 2.1 mEq/L
  • 1.6 - 2.5 mEq/L (correct)
  • 2.0 - 3.5 mEq/L

What is the term for serum Mg < 1.6 mEq/L?

  • Hypomagnesemia (correct)
  • Magnesium Deficiency
  • HyperMagnesemia
  • Magnesium Homeostasis

What is a common cause of hypomagnesemia?

  • Vitamin deficiencies
  • Food poisoning
  • Medications such as antidepressants
  • Medications such as laxatives (correct)

What is a role of magnesium in the body?

<p>Co-factor in several enzymatic processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is magnesium mostly stored in the body?

<p>Muscle and bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is almost all of the total body calcium stored?

<p>In the bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum range of calcium?

<p>8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate estimation of calcium?

<p>Measuring the ionic calcium (Ca2+) concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for acute and symptomatic hypocalcemia?

<p>IV calcium supplementation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease?

<p>Hypercalcemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of bisphosphonate therapy in hypercalcemia treatment?

<p>To redistribute calcium back into the bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the total body water deficit in hypernatremia?

<p>0.6 x Wt. for males and 0.5 x Wt. for females (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum correction rate of sodium levels to prevent cerebral edema?

<p>0.5 mEq/L/hr (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of diabetes insipidus?

<p>Excretion of large volumes of dilute urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

<p>The response to Desmopressin challenge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

<p>Discontinuing the causative medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum urine osmolality characteristic of diabetes insipidus?

<p>300 mOsm/kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical dosage of sodium bicarbonate infusion for treating chronic metabolic acidosis?

<p>2-5 mEq/kg IV over 4-8 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for chronic metabolic acidosis?

<p>pH elevation to 7.2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic alkalosis?

<p>Increase in plasma HCO3 (&gt;28 mEq/L) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis?

<p>Vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment option for chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis?

<p>Spironolactone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name of potassium citrate tablets used to treat chronic metabolic acidosis?

<p>Urocit K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of phosphorus is stored in the bone?

<p>80-85% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum phosphate range?

<p>2.8 - 4.5 mg/dL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for phosphorus levels < 2.5 mg/dL?

<p>Hypophosphatemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe symptom of hypophosphatemia?

<p>Rickets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can cause hypophosphatemia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for mild to moderate hypophosphatemia?

<p>Oral phosphorus supplementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for phosphorus levels > 4.5 mg/dL?

<p>Hyperphosphatemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of hyperphosphatemia?

<p>Reduced excretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of acid-base balance regulation?

<p>Keeping pH within a tight range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a weak acid or its corresponding base to resist changes in pH?

<p>Buffering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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