Fluid Balance and Disorders
10 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What primarily causes hypernatremia?

  • Decrease in capillary filtration pressure
  • Increased capillary permeability
  • Loss of water from the ECF (correct)
  • Excessive water retention
  • What hormone is involved in increasing excess sodium in the extracellular fluid?

  • Cortisol
  • Aldosterone (correct)
  • Adrenaline
  • Anti-diuretic hormone
  • Which factor does NOT increase capillary filtration pressure?

  • Increased protein levels in plasma (correct)
  • Resistance to outflow at post capillary sphincters
  • Increased venous pressure
  • Decreased resistance through precapillary sphincters
  • Which condition could lead to decreased capillary colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Severe illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the capillary permeability when capillary pores are damaged?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much interstitial fluid volume increase is typically required to make edema evident?

    <p>2.5 to 3 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of edema related to capillaries?

    <p>Increased capillary filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do plasma proteins play in edema formation?

    <p>They contribute to capillary filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor would decrease the capillary colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased venous pressure have on capillary dynamics?

    <p>Increases capillary filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Excess Water Retention

    • Excess water retention dilutes the sodium in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
    • This can be caused by excessive secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water.

    Hypernatremia

    • Hypernatremia is an increase in plasma sodium concentration.
    • Causes include:
      • Loss of water from the ECF, concentrating sodium ions. This can occur in cases of dehydration.
      • Excess sodium chloride added to the ECF, for example, excessive secretion of the hormone aldosterone.

    Edema

    • Edema is visible swelling caused by fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces.
    • Becomes apparent when interstitial fluid volume increases by 2.5 to 3 liters.
    • The pathophysiological mechanisms of edema formation are:
      • Increased capillary filtration pressure
      • Decreased capillary colloidal osmotic pressure
      • Increased capillary permeability
      • Obstruction to lymph flow

    Increased Capillary Filtration Pressure

    • As capillary filtration pressure rises, the movement of vascular fluid into the interstitial spaces increases.
    • Factors increasing capillary pressure include:
      • Decreased resistance to flow through the precapillary sphincters
      • Increased venous pressure or resistance to outflow at the post-capillary sphincters

    Decreased Capillary Colloid Osmotic Pressure

    • Plasma proteins exert capillary osmotic pressure, pulling fluid from the tissue back into the capillaries.
    • Albumin, a plasma protein, plays a major role in this osmotic pressure.
    • Edema caused by a decrease in capillary colloidal osmotic pressure results from inadequate production of albumin.
    • Factors decreasing capillary pressure include:
      • Severe illness
      • Starvation and malnutrition (lack of amino acids needed for albumin production)
      • Kidney diseases (inability to produce albumin or leakage of proteins into urine)

    Increased Capillary Permeability

    • Damaged capillary pores lead to increased permeability, allowing fluid to move into interstitial spaces.
    • Factors increasing capillary permeability include:
      • Burn injury

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts related to fluid balance and disorders such as excess water retention, hypernatremia, and edema. Questions will cover the physiological mechanisms behind these conditions and their implications for health. Educate yourself on the factors affecting fluid retention and electrolyte balance.

    More Like This

    Fluid Balance and Homeostasis
    60 questions

    Fluid Balance and Homeostasis

    BetterThanExpectedLime6421 avatar
    BetterThanExpectedLime6421
    Hyponatremia and Gas Exchange Overview
    37 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser