Hypercalcemia Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the critical value for hypercalcemia?

  • > 2.75 mmol/L (correct)
  • 2.5 mmol/L
  • 2.75 mmol/L
  • 2.25 mmol/L

Which treatment option involves hydration strategies for hypercalcemia?

  • Loop diuretics with isotonic saline solutions (correct)
  • Use of thiazide diuretics
  • Administration of pamidronate
  • Mobilization with weight-bearing activity

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hypercalcemia?

  • Decreased memory
  • Constipation (correct)
  • Anorexia
  • Bone pain

What should be monitored when giving IV saline to hypercalcemic patients?

<p>Fluid overload (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of increased total calcium in hypercalcemia?

<p>Prolonged immobilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common ECG change associated with hyperkalemia?

<p>Tall peaked T wave (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of acidosis on potassium levels?

<p>Shift of K+ out of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum calcium levels?

<p>2.25 - 2.75 mM/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about calcium balance is correct?

<p>Vitamin D is crucial for maintaining calcium balance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ion-exchange resins play in managing hyperkalemia?

<p>They facilitate potassium loss through the gastrointestinal tract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of calcium in the serum is biologically active?

<p>Ionized calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperkalemia?

<p>Muscle spasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event of hypocalcemia, which hormone would increase its secretion?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased capillary permeability on fluid movement in the body?

<p>Water and solutes move out into the tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs with lymph obstruction regarding fluid distribution?

<p>Fluid and protein accumulate in interstitial spaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fluids are classified as crystalloids?

<p>Ringer’s Lactate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hypertonic solutions?

<p>Higher concentration of dissolved particles than plasma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about colloids is true?

<p>They exert oncotic pressure to draw fluid into the vascular space. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of wearing elastic compression gradient stockings?

<p>It increases tissue hydrostatic pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hypertonic fluids from hypotonic fluids?

<p>Hypotonic fluids increase intracellular fluid volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osmosis in the body?

<p>Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pressure is primarily responsible for pulling fluid from tissue space into the vascular space?

<p>Oncotic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes crystalloids compared to colloids?

<p>Crystalloids move easily across semi-permeable membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is second spacing in fluid distribution?

<p>Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions could lead to increased venous hydrostatic pressure?

<p>Fluid overload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can dehydration result from changes in capillary pressures?

<p>Decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the adrenal system play in fluid balance regulation?

<p>Modulates renal function to conserve fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is third spacing in relation to fluid distribution?

<p>Trapped fluid in interstitial spaces due to inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fluid exchange mechanism occurs with molecules moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration?

<p>Diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for magnesium levels indicated by hypomagnesemia?

<p>0.74-1.07 mmol/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common neuromuscular manifestation of hypomagnesemia?

<p>Hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should an infusion pump be used when administering IV magnesium sulfate?

<p>To prevent rapid administration leading to complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a typical neurological symptom associated with severe hypomagnesemia?

<p>Seizures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended teaching point for a patient exhibiting symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

<p>Increase dietary magnesium intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key treatment approach for asymptomatic hypomagnesemia?

<p>Oral magnesium supplements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with hypermagnesemia?

<p>Increased magnesium intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment finding is representative of hypomagnesemia?

<p>Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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