Hiperkalemia e Su Tratamento

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Questions and Answers

Qual effetto ha l'insulina sul livello di K+ nel sangue?

  • Aumenta il livello di K+ nel sangue
  • Rende il K+ più disponibile per le cellule
  • Non ha effetto sul K+ nel sangue
  • Riduce il livello di K+ nel sangue (correct)

Qual è la funzione principale del bicarbonato di sodio in caso di iperkaliemia?

  • Stimolare la produzione di insulina
  • Ridurre il livello di glucosio nel sangue
  • Aumentare il livello di K+ nel sangue
  • Neutralizzare l'acidosi (correct)

Quale farmaco è un agonista beta-2 che aiuta a ridurre i livelli di K+ nel sangue?

  • Furosemide
  • Albuterolo (correct)
  • Bicarbonato di sodio
  • Kayexalate

Come il Kayexalate riduce i livelli di K+ nel corpo?

<p>Scambiando Na+ con K+ nel tratto intestinale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale rimedio serve per aumentare l'escrezione di K+ nei pazienti con funzione renale normale?

<p>Furosemide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale assertiones sobre le proportion del liquido corporal es correcte?

<p>Le liquido corporal in adultos es inter 50-70% del peso corporal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale de iste es un exemplo de un electrolyt importante in le liquido extracellular?

<p>Sodium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale functiones es associate con electrolytes?

<p>Promotione de excitamento musculare e nervose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale mechanism es describe per le movimento de liquido per filtration?

<p>Movement de liquido per pression hydrostatic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale assertiones in relation al equilibrio de acido-base es incorrecte?

<p>Le electrolytes non influent le equilibrio acid-base. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale duo electrolytes es importante in le liquido intracellular?

<p>Potassium e phosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale statement reflecte le capacitate del plasma in comparar al liquido interstitial?

<p>Le plasma ha un major concentration de proteina. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale es un effecto del incremento de adipositate corporelle sur le proportion de liquido corporelle?

<p>Le proportion de liquido corporelle diminui. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le treatment recommendate in casos acute de hypocalcemia?

<p>Intravenous calcium chloride o calcium gluconate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo causa le hypocalcemia in relation al respresentation de sodium intra cellular?

<p>Hypocalcemia provoca un influx facile de sodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le sign caracteristic de tetany legate a hypocalcemia?

<p>Paresthesia in extremitates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le causa principal de hypercalcemia?

<p>Destruction de osse con liberate de calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le medication recommandate pro tratar hypercalcemia?

<p>Calcitonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo resulta de un deficiency de magnesium?

<p>Diminution de contractilitate musculare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo es un symptom de hyperphosphatemia?

<p>Calcification in tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le principal metodo de treatment pro hypophosphatemia?

<p>Suplementation con alimentos ric in phosphorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo causa le aumentation de ionized calcium in le condition de acidosis?

<p>Reduction de protein binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un treatment pro hypermagnesemia?

<p>Calcium chloride intravenously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Como se manifesta un excess de calcium in le organismo?

<p>Constipation e increased reflectivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le consequenza principal de un deficit de calcium in le sanguine?

<p>Tetany e neuromuscular irritability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un effetto secunde possibile de calcium supplementation in pacientes con digitalis?

<p>Increase in digitalis toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo causa le corrosion in le musculos e nervos durante hypercalcemia?

<p>Increased calcium impact in membranas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le definition de osmosis?

<p>Movimento de particulas de un concentration basse a un concentration alte. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le effecto de la pression oncotica in le corpo?

<p>Attrarre le agua de le interstitium al sanguine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un causa commune de hypovolemia?

<p>Vomitus severe e diarrhoea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le resultato de un aumento del fluidos intra-cellulares?

<p>Edema cerebral. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Le cual de le sequente describe un metodo active de transporte?

<p>Transporto de sodio e potassium per le pompa Na-K. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le rango normal de concentrazione de sodio in sanguine?

<p>135-145 mEq/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le consequence de un deficit de sodio in le corpo?

<p>Hyponatremia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le function del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona?

<p>Stimular le reabsorption de sodio e fluidos. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un symptom de hypervolemia?

<p>Pulmonary edema. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le termino pro le condition de inadequato fluidos in le corpo?

<p>Hypovolemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un principal causa de edema?

<p>Fallimento de la funzione renal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le effecto de aldosterone in le corpo?

<p>Augmentare le reabsorption de sodio. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le resultato de un aumento in concentratio de potassio?

<p>Hyperkalemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le definition de hypernatremia?

<p>Un estado donde le natrium es plus que 145mEq/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual symptom es associate con hypernatremia?

<p>Anxiety e delirium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo resulta de un treatment infelice de hypernatremia?

<p>Cerebroedema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le causa commun de hypokalemia?

<p>Aldosterone excess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le normal range pro potassium in le sanguine?

<p>3.5 - 5.5 mEq/L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo describe le condition de hyperkalemia?

<p>Potassium in le sanguine es plus que 5.5mEq/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un treatment pro hypokalemia?

<p>Supplementation de potassium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo resulta de un abnorme concentration de potassium in le sanguine?

<p>Alteration del EKG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un posible causa de hyperkalemia?

<p>Acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo describe le effetos de aldosterone in relation al potassium?

<p>Aldosterone augmente le excretion de potassium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo indica un EKG abnormal in un patiente con hyperkalemia?

<p>T wave elevation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le consequence de un alto livello de potassium in le sanguine?

<p>Diminution de la contractilitate cardiac (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un indicazione de un niveu de potassium bass in le corpore?

<p>Diminution del reflexos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un approccio treatment pro patients con hyperkalemia?

<p>Calcium gluconate administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual subtype de solution es preferite per tratar hypernatremia causate per perdite de fluides?

<p>0.2% o 0.45% NaCl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

### Hyperkalemia

  • Hiperkalemia es un condition in que le concentration de potassio in le sanguine es troppo alte (super 5.5 mEq/L).
  • Le causas del hiperkalemia include:
    • Reducite excretion renal de potassio, como in insufficiencia renal, acidose, etc.
    • Liberation excessiv de potassio del cellulas, como in trauma, combustiones, e lysis cellular.
    • Administration excessiv de solutiones intravenose que contine potassio.
  • Le physiopathologia del hiperkalemia involve le alteration del potential de membrana cellular, resultante in un reducite excitabilitate neural e muscular.
  • Le symptomas del hiperkalemia include:
    • Cardiovascular effects like ECG changes, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
    • Neuromuscular effects like paresthesias, weakness, and paralysis.
    • Gastrointestinal effects like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping.

### Treating Hyperkalemia

  •  Le tractamento del hiperkalemia es diregite a reducer le concentration de potassio in le sanguine e restaurar le function cardiovascular normal.
  •  Le tractamentos include: - Administration de calcium gluconate pro reducer le effectos del hyperkalemia sur le corde. - Administration de beta-2 agonist pro movar potassio inside le cellulas. - Administration de insulino e glucose pro movar potassio inside le cellulas. -  Administration de resinas de intercambio ionic (Kayexalate) pro remover potassio del corpore per le intestinos. - Dialysis (peritoneal o hemodialys) pro remover potassio del corpore si altere tractamentos es inefficace. - Restriction del consumo de potassio per dieto. - Monitorar le electrocardiograma (ECG) pro detectar qualunque irregularitate in le freqentia cardiac.
  •  Le nursing considerations include le administration de medicamentos prescribite, monitoring del ECG, assessment del status del paciente, e enseignement del paciente sur le dieta e le medicamentos.

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