Hiperkalemia e Su Tratamento
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Questions and Answers

Qual effetto ha l'insulina sul livello di K+ nel sangue?

  • Aumenta il livello di K+ nel sangue
  • Rende il K+ più disponibile per le cellule
  • Non ha effetto sul K+ nel sangue
  • Riduce il livello di K+ nel sangue (correct)
  • Qual è la funzione principale del bicarbonato di sodio in caso di iperkaliemia?

  • Stimolare la produzione di insulina
  • Ridurre il livello di glucosio nel sangue
  • Aumentare il livello di K+ nel sangue
  • Neutralizzare l'acidosi (correct)
  • Quale farmaco è un agonista beta-2 che aiuta a ridurre i livelli di K+ nel sangue?

  • Furosemide
  • Albuterolo (correct)
  • Bicarbonato di sodio
  • Kayexalate
  • Come il Kayexalate riduce i livelli di K+ nel corpo?

    <p>Scambiando Na+ con K+ nel tratto intestinale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale rimedio serve per aumentare l'escrezione di K+ nei pazienti con funzione renale normale?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale assertiones sobre le proportion del liquido corporal es correcte?

    <p>Le liquido corporal in adultos es inter 50-70% del peso corporal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste es un exemplo de un electrolyt importante in le liquido extracellular?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale functiones es associate con electrolytes?

    <p>Promotione de excitamento musculare e nervose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale mechanism es describe per le movimento de liquido per filtration?

    <p>Movement de liquido per pression hydrostatic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale assertiones in relation al equilibrio de acido-base es incorrecte?

    <p>Le electrolytes non influent le equilibrio acid-base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale duo electrolytes es importante in le liquido intracellular?

    <p>Potassium e phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale statement reflecte le capacitate del plasma in comparar al liquido interstitial?

    <p>Le plasma ha un major concentration de proteina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un effecto del incremento de adipositate corporelle sur le proportion de liquido corporelle?

    <p>Le proportion de liquido corporelle diminui.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le treatment recommendate in casos acute de hypocalcemia?

    <p>Intravenous calcium chloride o calcium gluconate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo causa le hypocalcemia in relation al respresentation de sodium intra cellular?

    <p>Hypocalcemia provoca un influx facile de sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le sign caracteristic de tetany legate a hypocalcemia?

    <p>Paresthesia in extremitates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le causa principal de hypercalcemia?

    <p>Destruction de osse con liberate de calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le medication recommandate pro tratar hypercalcemia?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo resulta de un deficiency de magnesium?

    <p>Diminution de contractilitate musculare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo es un symptom de hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Calcification in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo es le principal metodo de treatment pro hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Suplementation con alimentos ric in phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo causa le aumentation de ionized calcium in le condition de acidosis?

    <p>Reduction de protein binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un treatment pro hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Calcium chloride intravenously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Como se manifesta un excess de calcium in le organismo?

    <p>Constipation e increased reflectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo es le consequenza principal de un deficit de calcium in le sanguine?

    <p>Tetany e neuromuscular irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un effetto secunde possibile de calcium supplementation in pacientes con digitalis?

    <p>Increase in digitalis toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo causa le corrosion in le musculos e nervos durante hypercalcemia?

    <p>Increased calcium impact in membranas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le definition de osmosis?

    <p>Movimento de particulas de un concentration basse a un concentration alte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le effecto de la pression oncotica in le corpo?

    <p>Attrarre le agua de le interstitium al sanguine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un causa commune de hypovolemia?

    <p>Vomitus severe e diarrhoea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le resultato de un aumento del fluidos intra-cellulares?

    <p>Edema cerebral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le cual de le sequente describe un metodo active de transporte?

    <p>Transporto de sodio e potassium per le pompa Na-K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le rango normal de concentrazione de sodio in sanguine?

    <p>135-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le consequence de un deficit de sodio in le corpo?

    <p>Hyponatremia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le function del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona?

    <p>Stimular le reabsorption de sodio e fluidos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un symptom de hypervolemia?

    <p>Pulmonary edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le termino pro le condition de inadequato fluidos in le corpo?

    <p>Hypovolemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un principal causa de edema?

    <p>Fallimento de la funzione renal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le effecto de aldosterone in le corpo?

    <p>Augmentare le reabsorption de sodio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le resultato de un aumento in concentratio de potassio?

    <p>Hyperkalemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le definition de hypernatremia?

    <p>Un estado donde le natrium es plus que 145mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual symptom es associate con hypernatremia?

    <p>Anxiety e delirium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo resulta de un treatment infelice de hypernatremia?

    <p>Cerebroedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo es le causa commun de hypokalemia?

    <p>Aldosterone excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le normal range pro potassium in le sanguine?

    <p>3.5 - 5.5 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo describe le condition de hyperkalemia?

    <p>Potassium in le sanguine es plus que 5.5mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un treatment pro hypokalemia?

    <p>Supplementation de potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo resulta de un abnorme concentration de potassium in le sanguine?

    <p>Alteration del EKG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un posible causa de hyperkalemia?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo describe le effetos de aldosterone in relation al potassium?

    <p>Aldosterone augmente le excretion de potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo indica un EKG abnormal in un patiente con hyperkalemia?

    <p>T wave elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo es le consequence de un alto livello de potassium in le sanguine?

    <p>Diminution de la contractilitate cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un indicazione de un niveu de potassium bass in le corpore?

    <p>Diminution del reflexos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un approccio treatment pro patients con hyperkalemia?

    <p>Calcium gluconate administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual subtype de solution es preferite per tratar hypernatremia causate per perdite de fluides?

    <p>0.2% o 0.45% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ### Hyperkalemia

    • Hiperkalemia es un condition in que le concentration de potassio in le sanguine es troppo alte (super 5.5 mEq/L).
    • Le causas del hiperkalemia include:
      • Reducite excretion renal de potassio, como in insufficiencia renal, acidose, etc.
      • Liberation excessiv de potassio del cellulas, como in trauma, combustiones, e lysis cellular.
      • Administration excessiv de solutiones intravenose que contine potassio.
    • Le physiopathologia del hiperkalemia involve le alteration del potential de membrana cellular, resultante in un reducite excitabilitate neural e muscular.
    • Le symptomas del hiperkalemia include:
      • Cardiovascular effects like ECG changes, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
      • Neuromuscular effects like paresthesias, weakness, and paralysis.
      • Gastrointestinal effects like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping.

    ### Treating Hyperkalemia

    •  Le tractamento del hiperkalemia es diregite a reducer le concentration de potassio in le sanguine e restaurar le function cardiovascular normal.
    •  Le tractamentos include: - Administration de calcium gluconate pro reducer le effectos del hyperkalemia sur le corde. - Administration de beta-2 agonist pro movar potassio inside le cellulas. - Administration de insulino e glucose pro movar potassio inside le cellulas. -  Administration de resinas de intercambio ionic (Kayexalate) pro remover potassio del corpore per le intestinos. - Dialysis (peritoneal o hemodialys) pro remover potassio del corpore si altere tractamentos es inefficace. - Restriction del consumo de potassio per dieto. - Monitorar le electrocardiograma (ECG) pro detectar qualunque irregularitate in le freqentia cardiac.
    •  Le nursing considerations include le administration de medicamentos prescribite, monitoring del ECG, assessment del status del paciente, e enseignement del paciente sur le dieta e le medicamentos.

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    Description

    Este quiz explora le condition de hiperkalemia, inclusiv le causas, symptomatologias e le physiopathologia. Tamben se discute le methodos de tractamento pro reducir le concentration de potassio in le sanguine. Testa tu comprension super iste topic importante in le saluted hydrolitico.

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