Hyoid Bone and Oral Phase in Swallowing Process

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What is the role of the orbicularis oris muscle during the oral preparatory phase of swallowing?

To prevent pooling of the bolus in the lateral and anterior sulci

To elevate the posterior tongue to prevent fluid from entering the pharynx

To maintain oral competency during bolus preparation and swallowing (correct)

To soften the solid bolus by mixing it with saliva

How does contraction of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle affect pitch?

It raises the pitch by decreasing tension in the vocal cover

It raises the pitch by increasing length and tension in the vocal cords

It has no effect on pitch

It lowers the pitch by decreasing tension in the vocal cover (correct)

Which muscle works synergistically with the orbicularis oris during the oral preparatory phase?

Posterior tongue

Hyoglossus

Buccinators (correct)

Styloglossus

What is the main function of mastication during the oral preparatory phase?

To soften and reduce the size of the solid bolus Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles facilitates the movement and positioning of the bolus in preparation for swallowing?

Extrinsic tongue muscles Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pitch when there is a strengthening of thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle contraction?

Pitch increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with chronic aspiration that is left untreated?

Pulmonary dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment involves a radiological procedure that provides dynamic imaging of the upper aerodigestive tract during all four stages of swallowing?

Video Fluoroscopy Swallow Study Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting a Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing?

To directly assess soft tissue anatomy and mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which evaluation method involves the placement of a catheter containing pressure sensors through the pharynx and esophagus to capture pressure readings during liquid bolus swallows?

Manometry Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Clinical Swallow Examination conducted by an SLP?

To guide diet/fluid recommendations Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment examines the effects of compensatory strategies such as postural changes, sensory modifications, and swallowing maneuvers?

Video Fluoroscopy Swallow Study Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bolus volume and the duration of UES opening and airway closure?

As bolus volume increases, the duration of UES opening and airway closure increases Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is commonly associated with impaired swallowing (Dysphagia) in patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC)?

Tumor site and size Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential negative consequences of dysphagia related to laryngeal function?

Laryngeal Penetration and Aspiration Signup and view all the answers

How is laryngeal penetration defined in the context of dysphagia?

Entry of food/liquid material into the airway above the true vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

What can cause airway invasion before the pharyngeal swallow?

Reduced tongue control during the oral stages of swallowing Signup and view all the answers

When does aspiration occur during swallowing?

After the pharyngeal swallow Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor determining the force available to drive phonation?

Elastic recoil in the chest wall and diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the gap between the medial surface edges of the vocal folds is too wide?

Breathy or aphonic voice Signup and view all the answers

What type of phonation is characterized by a favorable conﬁguration of the glottis with nearly parallel vocal folds?

Modal phonation Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the vocalis muscle is atrophic or paralyzed?

Medial surface of vocal fold becomes convex Signup and view all the answers

How are changes in vocal fold length and tension used to control voice inflections?

By adjusting fundamental frequency Signup and view all the answers

What physical property of the vocal folds is crucial for normal modal phonation?

Free undulation of mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of swallowing involves bolus transport through the hypopharynx into the proximal esophagus?

Pharyngeal phase Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is responsible for closing the velopharyngeal port during the oral phase of swallowing?

Musculus uvulae Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle elevates and retracts the velum during the pharyngeal phase to prevent nasal regurgitation?

Musculus uvulae Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological importance of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Airway protection Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle relaxes during the swallow to allow opening of the upper esophageal sphincter?

Cricopharyngeus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as a result of pharyngeal swallow triggering?

Elevation and retraction of the velum Signup and view all the answers