Hygiene Procedures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a proper guideline regarding sleeves in a hygiene context?

  • Roll sleeves to the elbow. (correct)
  • Wear a sweater with rolled cuffs.
  • Leave sleeves long and loose.
  • Cut sleeves off completely.

    • Why should jewelry be removed before a hygiene procedure?

  • Jewelry can cause skin irritation.
  • Jewelry contains grooves that may harbor microorganisms. (correct)
  • Jewelry can interfere with movement.
  • Jewelry is a distraction during the procedure.

    • What is the recommended nail length for hygiene practices?

  • Nails should be manicured but long.
  • Nails must be long for better grip.
  • Nails must be short. (correct)
  • Nail length is not important.

    • Which piece of jewelry is generally acceptable to wear during hygiene procedures?

    <p>Wedding ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized when preparing for a hygiene-sensitive activity?

    <p>Wearing gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for the patient during the procedure?

    <p>Supine or sitting position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wiping the eye from inner to outer?

    <p>To protect tear duct from infection and dryness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is recommended for cleaning the eyelids and eyelashes?

    <p>Moistened cotton balls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the procedure listed, step 1 refers to which specific action?

    <p>Following the same steps from a previous protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential item to use during the eye cleaning procedure?

    <p>Moistened cotton balls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of transferring?

    <p>The transition of responsibilities from one entity to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an objective of transferring?

    <p>Eliminating the need for team collaboration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which circumstances is transferring most likely required?

    <p>In the event of organizational restructuring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of transferring roles or responsibilities?

    <p>Direct knowledge sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary purpose of positioning in the context of transferring?

    <p>To align resources with organizational goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adjusting the temperature of water in the washing process?

    <p>To avoid carrying moderate stream microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does running water play in washing your hands?

    <p>It mechanically washes away organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using running water during handwashing?

    <p>It provides a warm sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When washing hands, why is it important to wet your hands and wrists under running water first?

    <p>To facilitate the mechanical washing of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a common misconception about washing hands with water?

    <p>Hot water is always better for removing microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many milligrams are in ½ gram?

    <p>500 Milligram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have 1/8 gram, how many milligrams do you have?

    <p>125 Milligram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 100 micrograms in grams?

    <p>0.001 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion of 1 gram to milligrams?

    <p>1000 Milligrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to take after removing gloves?

    <p>Perform hands washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an occupied bed?

    <p>A bed that is made while the patient is still lying in it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do with the gloves after use?

    <p>Dispose of them in an appropriate place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is washing hands important after glove removal?

    <p>To avoid contamination from the gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT apply to making an occupied bed?

    <p>The bed should be made quickly without attention to detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fundamentals of Nursing

    • Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital Technical Institute of Nursing
    • First term 2022-2023
    • Prepared by: Miss Reham Samy Gerges, Miss Mayssa Sayed Ali
    • Audited by: Miss Amal Abdel Razek

    Vision

    • Technical Institute of Nursing Specialized Hospital Ain Shams University aims to promote excellence in nursing education and scientific research, focusing on community needs for high-quality healthcare and scientifically educated professional nurses.

    Mission

    • Technical Institute of Nursing aims to prepare qualified nurses scientifically and skillfully to perform quality nursing care, promote total societal health awareness, and improve managerial and leadership abilities.

    List of Content

    • I - Introduction to Nursing: Covers introduction of nursing, 1-6 pages
    • II - Prevention of danger of microorganism; hygienic measures: Discusses infection control measures, hand washing, bed bath, hair shampoo, 7-31 pages
    • III - Providing for patient safety: Includes bed making, position & transfer, 32-56 pages
    • IV - Assessing hemodynamic measures: Covers body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, 57-77 pages
    • V- Implementing special nursing measures: Describes drug administration, injection, intravenous infusion therapy, Oxygen therapy, Nasogastric tube, Hot and cold application, Enema, Catheterization, Dressings, Bandages and binder, 78-166 pages
    • VI - References: Provides references, 167 pages

    Introduction to Nursing

    • Objectives: Define nursing, define nurse, list characteristics of nurse, discuss roles and functions of nurse
    • Out lines: Definition of nursing, Definition of nurse, Characteristics of nurses, The professional Roles and Functions of the nurse

    Definition of Nursing in Egypt

    • Nursing is an art and science based on knowledge, skills and attitudes aimed at assisting individuals, families, and communities in health and illness, to avoid complications and to fulfill reliance in meeting daily health needs.
    • Definition of Nurse: The nurse has completed a program of basic, generalized nursing education and is authorized by the appropriate regulatory authority to practice nursing in her country.
    • WHO definition of nurse: A nurse is a person who has satisfactory completed a program of basic nursing education and is qualified in their country to practice nursing.

    The professional roles and functions of the nurses

    • A provider of health care to individuals, families, and groups of the community
    • A manager and leader for nurses and auxiliary personnel both in service and education settings or institution
    • A teacher and trainer for student nurses in nursing - both theory and practice
    • A researcher (Evidence Based Nursing)
    • A consultant in nursing for national and international bodies

    II- Prevention of danger of microorganism; hygienic measures

    • Objectives: Define key terms (infection, infection control, disinfection, nosocomial infection), explain the chain of infection to transmission of infection, give examples for preventing infection, differentiate between types of infection, describe stages of infection, explain I.C.U risks area for infection, list sites and causes for nosocomial infection, write function of infection control doctor & nurse, apply infection control in intensive care units
    • Out lines: Introduction, Chain of infection and how to break, Cause of infection by stage, Nosocomial infection, Infection control team, Application of infection in Intensive care units
    • Introduction: The body's normal defenses against infection. Asepsis, Infection control precaution, The chain of infection
    • Definitions: Infection control: Set of methods to control the spread of disease; Infections are caused by pathogens (germs); Communicable disease; Infectious disease; Contaminated ➡ means something dirty, soiled and unclean; Disinfection; Mode of transmission
    • Body's normal defenses against infection: Immune system, White blood cells, Skin
    • Asepsis: It means free from all living micro-organisms, It is the major process for controlling infection
    • Aseptic technique: Keep the patient free from exposure to infectious pathogens as possible

    II- Prevention of danger of microorganism; hygienic measures

    • Forms of a sepsis: Medical asepsis (clean technique), Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
    • Principles of medical asepsis: Micro-organisms exist everywhere except on sterilized equipment; Frequent handwashing; Blood and body substances
    • Examples of medical asepsis: Using antimicrobial agents, Performing hand washing, Wearing hospital garments
    • Surgical asepsis: Measure that render supplies and equipment totally free of micro-organisms.
    • Principles of surgical asepsis: If a sterile item touches unsterile item, it becomes unsterile, If a sterile item becomes wet, it is considered unsterile, if a sterile item is out of its expiration date, it is considered unsterile, If there is an opening in sterile item, it is considered unsterile, If there is any doubt about sterility of an item, it becomes unsterile, If you across over a sterile item, it is considered unsterile

    II- Prevention of danger of microorganism; hygienic measures (continued...)

    • Types of sterilization: Physical sterilization (Radiation - ultraviolet radiation, Boiling water, dry heat or hot air sterilization, Steam under pressure - autoclave), Chemical sterilization

    Chain of infection

    • (a)Elimination infectious agent: Elevated white blood cells, Pus or exudates, Purulent discharge from a wound, Production of thick sputum or cloudy urine, Elevated body's temperature
    • (b)Reservoir: Healthy personnel in hospital; Environmental cleaning and sanitation; Eliminate sources of body's fluids, drainage, or solutions that might harbor micro-organisms
    • (c) Portal of exit: Hand washing; Proper waste disposal; Proper handling of the blood, secretions &mucus
    • (d)Mode of transmission: It is the weakest link in the infection chain
    • Action: Hand washing, Proper food handling, Proper sterilization and disinfection of equipment
    • (e) Portal of entry: Proper catheters care, Proper wound care, Proper closed drainage system care, Proper waste disposal
    • (f) Susceptible host: Recognition of the high risk patients; Treatment of any underlying diseases

    II- Prevention of danger of microorganism; hygienic measures (continued...)

    • Infection control precautions: Standard precautions, Transmission based precautions
    • Standard precautions: Measures for reducing the risk of micro-organisms transmission from recognized and unrecognized source of infection
    • Transmission based precautions (Isolation precautions): Measures for controlling the spread of infection from patient known to be or suspected of being infected with highly transmissible pathogens, (Air born, droplet, and contact precautions)

    Hand Hygiene

    • Definition: A measure to remove dirt and minimize microorganisms present on the skin.
    • Purpose: Maintain a safe and clean environment, Provide safety for the nurse and prevent cross-contamination, Prevent infection
    • Clinical situations: Before and after any contact with patients or supplies, Before and after performing any procedure, whenever gloves are worn

    Types of hand hygiene

    • Routine hand wash: Water and non-antimicrobial soap, water and antimicrobial soap, Alcohol-based hand rubs
    • Antiseptic hand wash: Water and antimicrobial soap
    • Antiseptic hand rub: Alcohol-based hand rubs
    • Surgical antisepsis: Water and anti-microbial soap for hands and forearm

    Routine hand washing procedure

    • Prepare and assess hands: Roll sleeves to elbow, Nail must be short
    • Stand in front of sink: Keeping hands and uniform away from sink
    • Adjust the temperature of water and moderate stream
    • Wet your hands and wrists under running water
    • Apply soap to hands
    • Rinse the hands, wiping from the fingertips to the wrist and above
    • Dry with disposable towels
    • Take a fresh paper towel and turn off the water faucets

    Bed Bath

    • Objectives: Define bed bath, List Purposes of bed bath, Differentiate Types of bath
    • Outlines: Introduction, Definition of bed bath, Purposes of bed bath, Types of bath
    • Introduction: Bed bath is important for personal hygiene, maintenance of personal hygiene is necessary for comfort, safety and sense of wellbeing
    • Definition of bed bath: Cleansing the skin to stimulate circulation & reducing odor by removing secretions, perspiration, and bacteria from the skin
    • Purposes of bed bath: Maintain patient hygiene and cleanliness, Provide patient with comfort and safety
    • Types of bathes: Complete bed bath, Partial bed bath, Morning care, Evening care

    Body Temperature

    • Objectives: Define body temperature, List kinds of body's temperature, State the normal body temperature range, List factors affecting body temperature, Describe the types of thermometer, Assess of body temperature
    • Outlines: Introduction, Definition, Kinds of body's temperature, Normal range of body's temperature, Purposes of measuring body's temperature, Alterations in body's temperature, The sites for taking body's temperature, The types of thermometer, Factors affecting body's temperature, Assessment of body's temperature
    • Introduction: Body's temperature is one of the vital signs which are: Temperature, Pulse, Respiration, Blood pressure
    • Definition of body temperature: Body temperature is the balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body
    • Kinds of body temperature: Core temperature, Surface temperature
    • Normal range of body temperature: 36.5°c : 37.4°c
    • Purposes of measuring body's temperature: To determine the health status, To assess the patient's condition
    • Factors affecting body temperature: Age, Emotional states, Exercises, Hormonal influence, Environment, Drinking hot or cold liquids, Smoking
    • Alterations in body's temperature: Hyperthermia, Hypothermia
    • The sites for taking body temperature: Oral temperature, Rectal temperature, Axillary temperature, Aural (ear) temperature, Rectal temperature
    • Types of thermometers: Electronic thermometer, Mercury glass thermometer, Tympanic membrane thermometer, Chemical thermometer
    • Contraindications of use the sites of temperature measurement: Children under 6 years, confused or convulsive patient, drinking or eating very hot or cold fluid or food for 15minutes, patients with oral or nasal surgery, Rectal surgery/Inflammation/Constipation/Diarrhea, Axillary site- (Surgery/Inflammation in the axilla/Injury or fracture), Tympanic membrane inflammation or surgery
    • Equipments of measuring oral temperature: Tray, Equipments of hand washing, Mercury glass thermometer, Cup of sponge cotton, Kidney basin, Watch with second hand
    • Procedure of measuring oral temperature

    Procedure of measuring axillary temperature

    • Equipments: Tray, Mercury glass thermometer, Cup of sponge cotton, Cup with two big pieces of cotton, Cup of water, Disposable gloves, Kidney basin, Watch with second hand, Red pen, Vital signs sheet record
    • Nursing action & Rational: Five principles, Put on disposable gloves, expose the patient's axilla, clean the axilla site with wetting cotton, dry with dry cotton, prepare the thermometer, place the bulb end in the center of axilla, help patient hold arm, leave thermometer for 5 minutes, remove thermometer, record reading, clean thermometer, replace in container, wash hands

    Procedure of measuring rectal temperature

    • Equipments: Tray, rectal glass thermometer, Disposable gloves, Rubber sheet, Towel, Cup of water, Cup of sponge cotton, Kidney basin, Watch with second hand, Red pen, Vital signs sheet record, KY jell & gauze 5×5.
    • Nursing action & Rational: Five principles, Put on disposable gloves, Prepare the thermometer, help patient (lateral position, upper leg flexed), Clean the anus with cotton, Lubricate thermometer, insert thermometer, hold for 1 minute, Remove thermometer, Record temp, Wash hands

    Pulse

    • Objectives: Define pulse, Mention characteristics of pulse, List factors affecting pulse rate, Locate pulse sites, Measuring the pulse rate
    • Outlines: Introduction, Definition of pulse, Characteristics of pulse, Factors affecting pulse rate, Pulse sites, Abnormalities of pulse
    • Introduction: The stimulus for conduction of the heart normally starts as an electrical impulse in the senatorial (S A) node of the right atrium, in adults the SA node initiates the impulse 60: 100 beats per minute, The electrical impulse then spreads quickly through the conduction system to the remainder of the heart, so that the heart muscle fibers contract in a synchronous fashion, Irregularities of heart rhythm usually indicate a failure in the conduction system or origination of an impulse in a site other than the SA node

    Pulse (continued...)

    • Definition of pulse: It is waves of blood forced through arteries, by contraction of the left ventricle
    • Characteristics of pulse: Rate, Rhythm, Volume
    • Factors affecting pulse rate: Age, Sex, Exercise, Temperature, Stress & Emotions, Medication,Position changes, Pulmonary condition, Disease condition
    • Pulse sites: Temporal, Apical, Radial, Femoral, Posterior tibia, Carotid, Brachia, Ulnar, Popliteal, Dorsalis pedis
    • Abnormalities of pulse: Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Ventricular tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation
    • Equipments: Tray, Watch with second hand, Green pen, Vital signs sheet
    • Nursing action & Rational: Five principles, Comfortable position, Place forearm across abdomen or chest, Place three fingers on inside of the wrist (in line with thumb), Count pulse for one minute, Record pulse rate, strength,rhythm, Assist to comfortable position, Report abnormality, Wash hands

    Respiration

    • Objectives: Define respiration, List components of respiration, Describe the respiratory cycle, Describe the normal respiration, List the factors affecting respiration, Identify some respiratory patterns
    • Outlines: Definition of respiration, Components of respiration, Respiratory cycle, Normal respiration, Factors affecting respiratory rate, Some respiratory patterns
    • Introduction: Respiratory rate, is a good indicator of physiological condition
    • Definition of respiration: Respiration is the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment (i.e., intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide)
    • Components of respiration: External respiration, Internal respiration
    • The respiratory cycles: Inspiration, expiration
    • Normal respiration: Age (at birth, during 1st year, during 2nd year, adolescence, middle age, old age), R.R. t/m
    • Factors affecting respiratory rate: Age, Sex, Rate, Exercise and muscular activity, During digestion, Diseased conditions, Drugs, Application of cold, Application of hot, Pain, Toxins, Hemorrhage, Change in atmospheric pressure
    • Equipments: Tray, Watch with second hand, Black pen, Vital signs sheet

    Blood Pressure

    • Objectives: Define blood pressure, Know normal range of blood pressure, Recognize the homodynamic effects on blood pressure, Mention the factors that influencing blood pressure, Know equipments used for measuring blood pressure, Apply the procedure of measuring blood pressure
    • Outlines: Definition of blood pressure, Normal range of blood pressure, Homodynamic effects on blood pressure, Factors influencing blood pressure, Equipments used for measuring blood pressure, Procedure of measuring blood pressure
    • Definition of blood pressure: Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of arteries.
    • Normal range of blood pressure: 120/80 +/- 20/15 mmhg
    • Pulse pressure: It is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure = 40mmhg
    • Hypertension: Persistent blood pressure measurements above the normal (140/90 mmhg)
    • Hypotension: Blood pressure measurements below the normal range (100/65 mmhg)
    • Homodynamic effects on blood pressure: Increased cardiac output, Increased blood volume, Increased viscosity, Decreased arterial elasticity, Decreased cardiac output, Decreased blood volume, Decreased blood viscosity, Increased arterial elasticity
    • Factors influencing blood pressure: Age, Stress, Gender, Race, Medications
    • Equipments: Pressure manometer, An occlusive cloth cuff, A pressure bulb with release valve to inflate the cuff
    • Manometer types: Android, Mercury
    • Stethoscope
    • Procedure of measuring blood pressure: Five principles, Patient position, Place cuff, Close valve, Release air slowly, Record readings, Remove cuff, return equipment, Wash hands

    Medication Administration

    • Definitions: Medication, Drug, Antibody, Antigen
    • Systemic effect: The drug is absorbed into the circulation and carried to the cell. Local effect: The drug is applied to the skin/ mucous membrane.
    • Purpose: Diagnosis of diseases, Disease management, Temporary relief of symptoms, Restore normal functions as digitals, Cure diseases, Support body functions

    Drugs forms & Routes of Administration

    • Drugs forms: Solid, semi-solid, Solutions, Suspension, Lotion, Ointment
    • Routes of Administration: Oral (Swallowed), Inhalation (Breathed), Parenteral (Injection), Topical (Applied)

    Factors that affect the drug administration

    • Size (weight), Sex, Age, Patient condition
    • Essential components of drug orders: Client name, Date & time, Drug name, Dose, Route, Administration time & frequency, Physician's signature
    • The five rights of drug administration: Right patient, Right drug, Right dose, Right route, Right time

    Medications charting, special orders & responsible

    • Procedure of measuring oral temperature
    • Procedure of measuring axillary temperature
    • Procedure of measuring rectal temperature
    • Charting medicine: Chart each medication as soon as it's given, Chart if APT refuses, Chart only the medicine you gave
    • Responsibilities of the nurse and rules for giving medication: Follow five rights, Ask the doctor, Do not give without order except in emergency, Wash hands, Don't touch pills, Don't put back unused, Don't use changed drugs, Know maximum & minimum dosages, Don't permit transfers, Report mistakes, Always give fresh water, Don’t give another nurse, New card if soiled, Measure the correct dose

    Nasogastric tubes (Ryle)

    • Definition: Insertion of a short or long flexible rubber or plastic tube into stomach or intestine via the mouth or nose
    • Purpose: Gastric analysis, Gavage, Lavage, Compression, Decompression

    Nasogastric tubes (Ryle) (continued...)

    • Contraindications: Head and neck surgery, Laryngectomy, Skull fractures, Esophageal tumors
    • Equipment: Nasogastric tube, Cotton sponge, Syringe 60 cc, Clamp to close tube, Tap 2 cm, Towel, Kidney basin, Stethoscope, Glass of water, Collection bag
    • Procedure: Wash hands, Prepare outside the door, Explain the procedure, Keep privacy, Apply body mechanics

    Nasogastric tubes (Ryle) (continued...)

    • Procedure (continued...): Position the patient, Put a clean glove, Determine length, Lubricate tip, Tell patient, Observe respiratory distress, Check placement, If the tube is for feeding clamp, If tube for decompression attach end to suction bag, Tap the tube, Make comfortable patient, Clean & return the equipment, Report & record

    Gastrostomy tubes

    • Tube feeding “Gavage”: Nutrients through a tube into patient who cannot feed normally; Unconscious patient, Semi-conscious, Physically impaired, Unable to take by mouth
    • Equipment: Towel, Syringe 60 ml, Cup of water, Cover cap, Gloves, Fluid sheet, Try

    Gastrostomy tubes (continued...)

    • Method of Administration: Position (sitting position), Gravity flow feeding, Feeding is given 4:6 times per day, Volume (usually does not exceed 300 ml per feed), Daily range (1000 : 1200 ml), Change tube feeding (7:10 day)
    • Procedure: Same steps 1:5, Pulling patient, Put equipment on right side, Place towel, Be sure, At begging, Put juice, At end, Repeat steps,
    • Complications: Vomiting, Diarrhea, Aspiration, Epistaxis, Ulceration, Erosions, Infection

    Hot and Cold Application

    • Definition: Application of heat or cold for treatment. Hot application leads to vasodilation, Cold application leads to vasoconstriction.
    • Body function affected by heat/cold application: Blood vessel, Circulation, Blood pressure, Heat production, Respiratory rate
    • Purpose of cold application, Purpose of hot application, Contraindications of heat/cold application, Factors affecting choice of application, Nursing notes

    Enema

    • Definition: Introduction of solution into the rectum and lower colon to remove feces and cleanse bowel.
    • Purpose: Relieve Constipation, Remove flatus, Pre-operative preparation (bowel surgeries, delivering and diagnostic examinations), Relieve intestinal distension and flatus, Reduce temperature, Provide nutrients
    • Types of enema: Evacuation (cleansing enema, carminative enema); Retention (nutritive enema, diagnostic enema, medication enema)
    • Evacuation enema (detail): Cleansing enema, Carminative enema
    • Retention enema (detail): Nutritive enema, Diagnostic enema, Medication enema
    • Contraindications: Intestinal obstruction, Acute renal failure, Cardiac problem, Appendicitis, Severe diarrhea, Hemorrhage, Recent rectal operation
    • Equipment: Warm water, Gloves, Rubber sheet, Bed pan, Lubricant, Kidney basin, Enema + Nelton Catheter, Apron, Gauze, Mask, Tongue depressor, I.V stand, Nursing note sheet
    • Procedure & Rational: Wash hands, Prepare equipment, Check doctor's orders, Explain procedure, Keep privacy, Prepare solution, Position patient (Sem's position), Lubricate rectal tube, Introduce solution, Observe, Clamp and remove, Instruct, Ask for red bath/bed pan

    Catheterization

    • Definition: Insertion of a catheter into the bladder via the urethra to remove urine.
    • Purpose: Obtain a sterile urine specimen, Relieve urinary retention, Empty bladder, Evacuate bladder for incontinent patients, Accurate measurement of urine output
    • Types of Catheters: Indwelling catheter (Foley catheter), Rubber catheter
    • Equipment: (for cleanliness gentile organs (Female)): Dish warm water & soap wash, Dish warm water for a rinse, Mackintosh & towel, Bedpan, Disposable gloves, Cup, Small towel, Apron ; For insertion: Foley catheter (adult male 16-18 French, adult female 14-16 French, Child 8-10 French, Infant 5-8 French), Sterile KY gel, Sterile gloves, Urine bag, Plaster, Artificial light, Gauze ball, Betadine, Normal saline, Urinal bag, 4 sterile towels, Fluid chart
    • Procedure & Rational: (Five principle), Position the patient, Clean the genitals, Clean the penis, Lubricate the catheter, Ask the patient, Take the sample as ordered, Fix catheter, Place urinary bag, Remove equipment, and clean it.

    Oxygen Therapy

    • Objectives: Define oxygen gas, Define oxygen therapy, Know the sources of oxygen therapy, List the purposes of oxygen therapy, Recognize the indications of oxygen therapy, Know the methods of oxygen therapy
    • Outlines: Introduction, Definition of oxygen, Definition of oxygen therapy, Sources of oxygen, Purposes of oxygen therapy, Commonest causes of oxygen lacking, Methods of oxygen therapy, Safety rules during oxygen therapy, Procedure
    • Introduction: Oxygen administration is a common supportive treatment
    • Definition of oxygen: Oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas essential for body function properly and survive
    • Sources of oxygen: Oxygen cylinder (delivered with a protective cap), Oxygen wall outlet
    • Purposes of oxygen therapy: Used when the cardiopulmonary system is functioning poorly, to inhaler air

    Oxygen Therapy (continued...)

    • Common causes of oxygen lacking: Interference with the airway, Interference with oxygenation, Inefficient cardiac action, Severe anemia, Shock
    • Methods of Oxygen Administration: Intranasal method (Nasal catheter, Nasal cannula), Face mask (Simple face mask, Non rebreathe mask, Venture masks), Oxygen tent
    • Safety rules during oxygen therapy: Check doctor's order, Arrange patient in setting position, Check connections, Check oxygen, Perform mouth care, Check vitals, No smoking, Never permit oil/grease, Patient discomfort, Document treatment concentration

    Procedure of Oxygen Therapy

    • Nursing action: Hand washing, Prepare equipment, Explain the procedure, Close window & door, Keep privacy, Check doctor's order, Put on gloves, Remove mask or cannula, Clean bottle, Rinse bottle, Place distal water, Record date on bottle, Clean mask/cannula, Do face/mouth/nose care, Place patient, Turn oxygen flow, Check connections, Connect to device, Check vitals, Document date & time, method, concentration
    • Rational: Prevent cross infection, Time efficiency, Patient cooperation, Prevent air drafts, Promote comfort, Ensure oxygen flow rate, Dissolve any secretions

    Other Topics

    • Bandages & Binders: Definitions, Purposes, Materials, Basic bandage turns, Bindres (Abdominal binder, Triangular arm binder, T-bandage, Double T-bandage, Tailed binder), Principles, Complications
    • Enema: Definitions, Purposes, Types, Contraindications, Equipment, Procedure, Charting
    • Colonic Irrigation: Definitions, procedure, charting
    • Patient's care and documentation (templates)
    • Various types of bed making, including closed bed, open bed, surgical bed (post-operative) and occupied beds and Equipments
    • Administration of eye drops and ointments, Procedure & Rationale
    • Administration of ear medication, Equipment
    • Administration of medication via rectal suppository, Equipment, Procedure, Rational
    • Administration of inhaler medication, Equipment, Procedure, Rational
    • Injection (Intramuscular, subcutaneous, Intradermal): Definitions, Site, Purpose, Angle, Equipment, Complications

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    Test your knowledge on proper hygiene protocols and procedures. This quiz covers essential guidelines regarding sleeve lengths, jewelry, nail lengths, and patient positioning during hygiene-sensitive activities. Explore the best practices for eye cleaning and transferring in medical contexts.

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