Healthcare Hygiene and Bed Making Practices

NSE111 Exam Review

• The document is an exam review for Foundations for Nursing Practice at Toronto Metropolitan University.
• The review covers material from week 1 to week 10, including clinical judgment model (CJM), client-centered care, the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO), the chain of transmission, infection prevention and control strategies, and client safety.
• Week 1 focuses on understanding how the clinical judgment model (CJM) relates to the implementation of foundational skills and the approach to care of clients using Dignity, Independence, Preference, Privacy, and Safety (DIPPS).
• Week 2 covers applying evidence-based practice, client-centered care, ethical practice, service to the public, self-regulation and professional development, and leadership.
• It explains how an infection develops, relating it to elements in the chain of transmission (host, infectious agent, mode of transmission, reservoir, and portal of exit)
• It details how the body protects itself against infection, using its immune system and normal flora.
• It defines a Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) and how HAIs develop, relating them to clients who are most susceptible.
• It explains what an antimicrobial resistant organism (ARO) is.
• Week 3 discusses proper body mechanics to prevent musculoskeletal injuries for both the nurse and client by explaining principles of body mechanics
• It defines a pressure injury, relating the risk factors for its development, and how to use the Braden Scale.
• Week 3 identifies nursing interventions to prevent complications associated with immobility and includes range of motion examples to prevent limitations in movement.
• The document explains the purpose and types of range of motion exercises, and different methods of joint mobilization when assisting with active and passive range of motion exercises.
• Week 4 reviews proper body mechanics.
• Week 5 examines the client's need for a safe, comfortable, and hygienic environment, considerations for maintaining a safe environment for the client
• Week 5 considers the importance of a comfortable environment to contribute to clients' overall well-being and enhance their experience of care.
• Week 5 describes considerations for a hygienic environment.
• Week 5 discusses providing privacy and dignity to the client.
• Week 5 also discusses cultural sensitivity and its importance in nursing practice.
• Week 6 examines a risk assessment approach for decision making related to the use of isolation precautions, involving patient assessment, transmission risk, and healthcare setting.
• Week 6 also examines patient-specific factors and environmental factors to determine infection prevention and control strategies.
• Week 7 defines factors that influence clients' personal hygiene practices, including social practices, personal preferences and expectations, body image, and cultural variations.
• Week 7 identifies the psychological effects of isolation on clients.
• Week 8 discusses considerations for planning clients' elimination needs based on cognitive, physical function, and memory, including toileting preferences, routines, and equipment needs.
• Week 9 discusses the various approaches to client hygiene such as showers, bed baths and bag baths, and how to prepare the environment for these activities.
• Week 10 discusses a gentle persuasive approach to care for clients with dementia, emphasizing personhood and person-centered care, as well as strategies to prevent and diffuse responsive behaviors in older adults.
• Week 11 discusses factors contributing to a "culture of safety" in healthcare organizations including leadership practices, communication, education, continuous improvement, and reporting mechanisms.
• Week 11 defines factors that affect client safety, including patient-related risks, environment-related risks, and healthcare provider-related risks, and various examples for each.
• Week 12 and beyond continues to discuss client safety issues and best practices related to toileting, elimination, and appropriate infection control practices, oral hygiene, nutritional considerations, varied diets, including those for clients with difficulties chewing or swallowing, and risk factors specific to these conditions (e.g., dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia).
• The document concludes with specific information on oral care considerations and strategies.