Hydropower Plant Installation

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Questions and Answers

What is the target percentage of renewable energy in Egypt's electricity mix by 2035?

42% (correct)

50%

30%

20%

What is the highest potential hydro resource in Egypt?

Attaqa Pumped Storage Power Plant

Aswan High Dam

Assiut Dam

River Nile (correct)

What was the percentage of hydroelectricity in Egypt's total generated electricity in the 1960s and 1970s?

20%

30%

40%

50% (correct)

What is the average annual growth rate of energy generated from hydropower plants between 2011/12 and 2015/16?

1.2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of the new Assiut Dam hydroelectric plants?

32 MW Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Attaqa Pumped Storage Power Plant?

To generate electricity from pumped storage hydroelectricity Signup and view all the answers

When did the new Assiut Dam hydroelectric plants start commercial operation?

Between May and August 2018 Signup and view all the answers

Who signed the contract for the Attaqa Pumped Storage Power Plant in 2017?

Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and AF Consult Switzerland Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical parameter in hydropower generation besides head?

Water flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a dam in an impoundment hydropower facility?

To store river water in a reservoir Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hydropower facility is also known as 'run of river'?

Diversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a pumped storage facility?

To store energy during periods of low demand Signup and view all the answers

According to the DOE, what is the capacity of a large hydropower facility?

More than 30 MW Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration in planning and locating a hydropower plant?

The knowledge of water flow and head difference Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a micro hydropower plant?

To operate for individual energy needs Signup and view all the answers

Why do hydropower plants vary in size and design?

Because of the specific conditions of the location Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why wind turbines can be extremely tall?

To capture abundant wind resources available offshore Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern for sea life due to offshore wind turbines?

Effects on fishing resources Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy harnessed in a hydropower plant?

Kinetic energy of moving water Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the world's largest hydroelectric plant in terms of installed capacity?

Three Gorges Sanxia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries is NOT among the top five largest producers of hydropower?

Japan Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a generator in a hydropower plant?

To convert kinetic energy into electrical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common impact of wind turbines on birds and bats?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the largest hydropower plant in the United States?

Grand Coulee Dam Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hydropower Basics

Two critical parameters for creating electricity from hydropower: FLOW (minimum amount of water constantly available throughout the year) and HEAD (difference in height)
Knowledge of water flow and height difference is necessary to estimate potential power

Types of Hydropower Facilities

Impoundment: uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir, releasing water to flow through a turbine to generate electricity
Diversion (Run-of-River): channels a portion of a river through a canal or penstock, may not require a dam
Pumped Storage: stores energy by pumping water uphill to a reservoir, releasing water back to generate electricity during high demand

Sizes of Hydroelectric Power Plants

Large Hydropower: facilities with a capacity of more than 30 MW
Small Hydropower: projects generating 10 MW or less of power
Micro Hydropower: plants with a capacity of up to 100 kilowatts

Egypt's Hydro Power Plants

Aswan High Dam: main hydro resource in Egypt, with a capacity of 2,800 MW and annual electric generation of 13,545 GWh
Hydroelectricity represented 50% of Egypt's total generated electricity in the 1960s and 1970s, but only 7.2% in 2015/16
Assiut Dam: four hydroelectric plants with a capacity of 32 MW, started commercial operation in 2018
Attaqa Pumped Storage Power Plant: a planned project by the Egyptian Ministry of Electricity, with a contract signed in 2017

Wind Turbines

Can be extremely tall to capture abundant wind resources available offshore
Advantages of offshore wind turbines: minimal visual and acoustic impact, larger areas can be used, and ease of maritime transport

Ecological Impact of Wind Turbines

Flora and fauna: birds and bats affected by direct impacts and changes in atmospheric pressure, altered habitats
Noise Mitigation: affects wild and marine life, and fishing resources
Sea life fishing: affects species diversity and creates artificial reefs around the foundation of the structure

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Description

Learn about the critical parameters of head and flow in creating electricity from hydropower, and how they affect the installation of hydropower plants.