Hydrometeorological Tools

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Questions and Answers

What specific role does PAGASA play in ensuring public safety during weather-related events?

PAGASA is authorized to provide warnings to the public to ensure their safety.

How does a barograph differ from a standard barometer in terms of functionality?

A barograph continuously records atmospheric pressure, while a standard barometer only provides a current reading.

Explain how a thermograph's continuous measurement of air temperature contributes to weather forecasting accuracy compared to discrete measurements.

Continuous measurement captures temperature trends and fluctuations that might be missed with discrete readings, improving forecasting accuracy.

How does a clinometer use the principles of trigonometry to determine the height of a cloud base?

<p>By measuring the angle of elevation to the cloud base and knowing the distance to the observation point, trigonometry is used to calculate the height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of using a ceiling light projector to measure cloud height during daylight hours or in heavy fog?

<p>During daylight or heavy fog, the light beam is not visible enough to accurately determine cloud height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is hydrogen or another lighter-than-air gas used in ceiling balloons, and what safety precautions are necessary when using them?

<p>Hydrogen or lighter gas provides lift. Precautions include avoiding sparks to prevent explosions and proper ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do the data collected by a radiosonde enhance our understanding of atmospheric dynamics?

<p>Radiosondes provide detailed vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity, which are essential for understanding atmospheric stability and predicting weather patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the rawinsonde's ability to measure wind velocity contribute to more accurate weather forecasting, particularly for severe weather events?

<p>Knowing wind velocity helps predict the movement and intensity of weather systems, critical for forecasting severe events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the operational principle behind wind finding radar and how it accurately determines wind speed and direction, even in adverse weather conditions.

<p>Wind finding radar tracks atmospheric disturbances via radar echoes to compute wind speed and direction by measuring their movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key advantages of using weather satellites for monitoring weather disturbances compared to ground-based observation systems?

<p>Weather satellites provide synoptic views and coverage over large areas, including remote regions where ground-based systems are limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Doppler radar differentiate between various types of precipitation (e.g., rain, snow, hail) and assess the potential severity of storms?

<p>Doppler radar measures the motion of precipitation particles and estimates their type, helping determine the structure and potential of storms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how a weather surveillance radar's detection and monitoring capabilities aid in tracking typhoons and cloud masses, and what are its range limitations?

<p>It detects and monitors the track of typhoons and cloud masses within 400 kilometers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a theodolite's ability to measure angles contribute to determining wind speed and direction, and what other meteorological instruments often complement its use?

<p>By measuring the movement of a pilot balloon, it determines wind speed and direction, often used alongside anemometers and wind vanes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how variations in atmospheric pressure, as detected by a barograph, can be indicative of approaching weather systems and potential changes in weather conditions.

<p>Decreasing pressure often indicates approaching low-pressure systems, bringing storms, while increasing pressure means improving conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss how the combined use of radiosonde and rawinsonde data provides a comprehensive understanding of vertical atmospheric conditions, aiding in weather forecasting.

<p>Radiosondes provide temperature, pressure, and humidity data, while rawinsondes add wind velocity, creating a complete vertical profile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways does the synoptic view provided by weather satellites enhance the accuracy of localized weather forecasts and improve severe weather warnings?

<p>The synoptic view allows meteorologists to see the big picture and track weather systems over large areas aiding localized forecasts and severe weather warnings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering both the advantages and limitations, when would a meteorologist prioritize using Doppler radar over weather surveillance radar for analyzing a storm's characteristics?

<p>Doppler radar is prioritized for analyzing precipitation motion and storm structure, while weather surveillance radar tracks larger cloud mass movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the principles of remote sensing are applied in weather satellites to gather data about Earth's atmosphere and surface without direct contact.

<p>Weather satellites use sensors that detect electromagnetic radiation emitted or reflected by Earth, allowing them to gather data without direct contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the challenges and strategies for ensuring the reliability and accuracy of data collected from hydrometeorological tools, especially in remote or harsh environments.

<p>Challenges include equipment malfunction and data transmission issues. Strategies include redundant systems, automated calibration, and secure communication links.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can integrating data from multiple hydrometeorological tools enhance the predictive capabilities of weather forecasting models, leading to more accurate and timely warnings?

<p>Integrating data provides a more complete picture of atmospheric conditions, improving model accuracy and leading to more reliable forecasts and warnings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is PAGASA's role?

The National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the Philippines. They are authorized to provide warnings for public safety.

What is a barograph?

A barometer that continuously reads and records atmospheric pressure.

What is a thermograph?

An instrument that continuously measures and records air temperature.

What is a clinometer?

An instrument determining cloud base height by measuring the distance from the cloud base to the ground.

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What is a ceiling light projector?

An instrument that projects a light beam onto clouds to measure their height.

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What is a ceiling balloon?

A balloon filled with lighter-than-air gas, used to determine cloud base height.

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What is a radiosonde?

An instrument attached to a balloon, measuring temperature, pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere.

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What is a rawinsonde?

A device capable of measuring wind velocity.

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What is wind finding radar?

Radar that measures wind speed and direction through radar echoes.

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What is a weather satellite?

A satellite providing a wide view of weather disturbances and relays weather data.

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What is Doppler radar?

Radar that calculates precipitation motion, estimates type, and determines storm structure and potential.

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What is weather surveillance radar?

Radar that detects and monitors the track of typhoons and cloud masses within 400 kilometers.

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What is a theodolite?

An instrument that determines wind speed and direction.

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Study Notes

  • Hydrometeorological tools are for monitoring.
  • Prepared by Rose Ann I. Manuel, Teacher I.

PAGASA

  • PAGASA is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the Philippines (NMHS).
  • PAGASA is authorized to provide warnings for public safety.

Barograph

  • A barograph is a barometer that continuously reads and records atmospheric pressure.

Thermograph

  • A thermograph is an instrument that continuously measures and records air temperature.

Clinometer

  • A clinometer is an instrument that determines the height of the cloud base.
  • It does this by measuring the distance of the cloud base to the ground.

Ceiling Light Projector

  • A ceiling light projector is an instrument that projects a light beam to the clouds.

Ceiling Balloon

  • A ceiling balloon is filled with hydrogen or another gas lighter than air.
  • It is used to determine the height of the cloud base.

Radiosonde

  • A radiosonde is an instrument attached to a balloon.
  • It measures temperature, pressure, and relative humidity in the atmosphere.

Rawinsonde

  • A rawinsonde is capable of measuring wind velocity.

Wind Finding Radar

  • Wind finding radar measures wind speed and direction through radar echoes.

Weather Satellite

  • Weather satellites provide the synoptic view and coverage area of a weather disturbance.
  • Weather satellites have the capability to relay weather data from remote automatic locations.

Doppler Radar

  • Doppler radar calculates the motion of precipitation.
  • Doppler radar estimates the type of precipitation.
  • Doppler radar determines the structure of storms, and their potential to cause severe weather.

Weather Surveillance Radar

  • Weather surveillance radar detects and monitors the track of typhoons and cloud masses within 400 kilometers.

Theodolite

  • A theodolite is an instrument that determines wind speed and direction.

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