Hydrology and Engineering Hydrology: Concepts and Uses

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What is the primary purpose of understanding the expected flood flows over a spillway, at a highway Culvert, or in an urban storm drainage system?

To know the components of the hydrological cycle

To ensure adequate water supply during drought conditions

To determine the required reservoir capacity for irrigation or municipal water supply

To identify the hydrologic hardware and software needed for flood forecasting (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a component of the hydrological cycle?

Transpiration

Sedimentation (correct)

Evaporation

Infiltration

What is the primary purpose of determining the required reservoir capacity?

To understand the expected flood flows over a spillway, at a highway Culvert, or in an urban storm drainage system

To know the components of the hydrological cycle

To ensure adequate water for irrigation or municipal water supply during drought conditions (correct)

To identify the hydrologic hardware and software needed for flood forecasting

What is the main purpose of understanding the components of the hydrological cycle?

To identify the hydrologic hardware and software needed for flood forecasting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of identifying the hydrologic hardware and software needed for flood forecasting?

To understand the expected flood flows over a spillway, at a highway Culvert, or in an urban storm drainage system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding the components of the hydrological cycle?

To identify the hydrologic hardware and software needed for flood forecasting Signup and view all the answers

What is studied in hydrology?

Water in all its forms and its movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the scope of hydrology?

Precipitation type estimation Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of hydrology empower individuals to do?

Contribute to sustainable water management Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of global challenges does hydrology help address?

Water scarcity and pollution Signup and view all the answers

What does the unit hydrograph theory focus on?

Estimating streamflow from a specific rainfall event Signup and view all the answers

Why is the transposition of hydrograph important?

In dam operations and flood management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of precipitation?

Evaporation Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for producing precipitation from water vapor?

Condensation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe precipitation that does not reach the soil due to interception by vegetation or land formations?

Interception Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect the amount of precipitation?

Soil type Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the downward movement of water through the soil and rock layers?

Percolation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about runoff is true?

Runoff is the movement of water across the land as surface and channel flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of groundwater runoff in the hydrologic cycle?

Infiltration through the soil horizons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a location where water is stored in the hydrologic cycle?

Glaciers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the movability of water storage is CORRECT?

Water stored in the atmosphere is the most movable, while water stored on the surface and in the ground depends on geological and morphometric formations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the water balance equation for a catchment area?

S = P - ET - R - G Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of precipitation is converted into river runoff according to the solution?

29% Signup and view all the answers

What is the residence time of water molecules in the atmosphere based on the given information?

8.2 days Signup and view all the answers

If the average annual precipitation on the valley is 50 cm, and 30 cm is available for crops, what quantity of irrigation water must be applied annually for the given crop areas?

2,475,000 feddan-cm Signup and view all the answers

If the mean annual runoff of a drainage basin of 10,000 km^2 is 140 m^3/s, and the average annual precipitation is 105 cm, what information is needed to estimate the annual average ET for the area?

Assumptions about the drainage basin's characteristics Signup and view all the answers

If the total runoff volume is $946 \times 10^6 \text{m}^3$, and the total precipitation is $3.25 \times 10^9 \text{m}^3$, what is the loss due to evapotranspiration and other factors?

$2.3 \times 10^9 \text{m}^3$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the total flow rate used to calculate the residence time of water molecules in the atmosphere?

577,000 km^3/year Signup and view all the answers