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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Deterministic Hydrology?
What is the main application of Scientific Hydrology?
What type of hydrology is concerned with the use of hydrology in the design and management of civil works?
What is the term for a person who studies hydrologic phenomena and gathers data pertaining to the occurrence and distribution of water?
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What type of hydrology deals with the analysis of statistical probability of occurrence of hydrologic events?
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What is the primary purpose of hydrological investigations in water resources engineering projects?
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What is the primary purpose of hydrological investigations and assessment?
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What can happen if the minimum flow and quantity of flow available at various seasons are not considered?
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What is the term used to describe the total loss of moisture content from the bodies of water, earth's surface, plants, etc.?
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What is the collective term used to denote moisture in the liquid form that falls from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth?
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What is the maximum size of a raindrop?
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What is the term used to describe precipitation in the form of water droplets sizes larger than 0.5 mm?
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What is essential for the formation of precipitation?
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What is the term used to describe a fine sprinkle of numerous water droplets of sizes less than 0.5 mm and intensity less than 1 mm/hr?
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Study Notes
Engineering Hydrology
- Engineering Hydrology encompasses the planning, design, and operation of engineering projects for the control and use of water, involving aspects of occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water.
Branches of Hydrology
- Scientific Hydrology: discovers basic principles and relationships.
- Deterministic Hydrology: analyzes physical characteristics like slope, area, and depth in a cause-and-effect sense.
- Stochastic Hydrology: considers statistical probability of occurrence of events like peak floods.
- Applied Hydrology: applies hydrology to design and manage civil works, including studying hydrology of major storms, flood surface drainage, and water supply and irrigation.
Application of Hydrology to Engineering
- Hydrological investigations are necessary for water resources engineering projects, including:
- Irrigation
- Water Supply
- Flood control
- Reservoir
- Water power
- Navigation
- Factors requiring hydrological investigations and assessment:
- Capacity of storage structures like reservoirs
- Magnitude of flood flows
- Minimum flow and quantity of flow available at various seasons
- Interaction of flood wave and hydraulic structures
Importance of Hydrological Investigations
- Prevents failures of important projects due to:
- Inadequate spillway capacity
- Excessive flow
- Overestimation of streamflow
Relevant Data Required by a Hydrologist
- Weather records (temperature, humidity, wind velocity)
- Precipitation data
- Streamflow records
- Evaporation and transpiration data
- Infiltration characteristics of the area
- Groundwater characteristics
- Physical and geological characteristics of the area
Hydrologic Cycle
- Continuous process involving evaporation, precipitation, and run-off.
- Water circulates through three main routes:
- Evaporation and transpiration
- Precipitation
- Run-off
Components of Hydrologic Cycle
- Evaporation: loss of moisture from bodies of water and the earth's surface to the atmosphere.
- Transpiration: loss of moisture from plants to the atmosphere.
- Evapotranspiration: total loss of moisture content from bodies of water, earth's surface, plants, etc.
- Run-off: excess rainfall accumulated at the earth's surface.
- Precipitation: collective term for moisture in liquid form falling from the atmosphere to the earth's surface.
Factors Needed for Precipitation
- Moisture in the atmosphere
- Sufficient nuclei for condensation
- Good weather conditions for condensation
- Product of condensation must reach the earth
Forms of Precipitation
- Rain: principal form of precipitation in the Philippines, with drop sizes larger than 0.5 mm.
- Drizzle: fine sprinkle of numerous water droplets with sizes less than 0.5 mm and intensity less than 1 mm/hr.
- Shower: precipitation with a higher intensity than drizzle.
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Description
Test your knowledge of engineering hydrology, the science that deals with the control and use of water in engineering projects, including its occurrence, circulation, and distribution.
