Hydrocephalus Definition and Classification
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of individuals with executive function impairment?

  • Difficulty with motivation
  • Poor planning and organisation (correct)
  • Thinking before acting
  • Enhanced ability to generalise

    • What is a common symptom of short term memory impairment?

  • Improved motivation
  • Increased attention span
  • Difficulty following detailed sequence of instructions (correct)
  • Enhanced comprehension

    • What is the meaning of the term 'Hydrocephalus'?

  • Water in the head (correct)
  • Head in the water
  • Brain in the water
  • Water in the brain

    • What is a possible consequence of altered concept of time?

    <p>No inclination to hurry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is a blockage in the circulation of CSF from spaces within the brain?

    <p>The ventricles expand and put pressure on the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of blocked shunt?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical point of cerebral mantle thickness below which hydrocephalus becomes untreatable?

    <p>1 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where the lower part of the brain goes further down the spinal cord than usual?

    <p>Arnold Chiari Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals with short attention span?

    <p>Difficulty keeping to task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is non-communicating hydrocephalus characterized by?

    <p>A blockage in the flow of CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible treatment option for hydrocephalus?

    <p>Surgery only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CSF?

    <p>To provide nutrients to the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of non-communicating hydrocephalus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of CSF?

    <p>Water, salt, glucose, and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid in relation to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>To act as a shock absorber between the skull and brain, and between the spinal cord and the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexus?

    <p>50-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of cerebrospinal fluid absorption?

    <p>Sagittal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hydrocephalus in infants?

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the prominent forehead seen in children with hydrocephalus?

    <p>Frontal bossing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common long-term effect of hydrocephalus in children with spina bifida?

    <p>Learning problems and difficulty concentrating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common difficulty experienced by children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus?

    <p>Difficulty with fine motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of hydrocephalus in children with spina bifida?

    <p>Epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cerebrospinal fluid is produced by a process other than the choroid plexus?

    <p>20-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of cerebrospinal fluid absorption?

    <p>Sagittal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the expansion of ventricles in paediatric hydrocephalus?

    <p>Blockage in the circulation of CSF from the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical characteristic of children with hydrocephalus?

    <p>Large head size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'point of no return' in paediatric hydrocephalus?

    <p>It is the point beyond which treatment is no longer effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cognitive difficulty experienced by children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus?

    <p>Impaired spatial awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of communicating hydrocephalus?

    <p>Overproduction of CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'soft spots' found on the top of an infant's head?

    <p>Fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CSF in the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>It provides nutrients to the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of non-communicating hydrocephalus?

    <p>There is a blockage in the flow of CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid in relation to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>To act as a shock absorber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of hydrocephalus in children with spina bifida?

    <p>Vision problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where the lower part of the brain goes further down the spinal cord than usual?

    <p>Arnold Chiari Malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of CSF?

    <p>Water, salt, glucose, and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical point of cerebral mantle thickness below which hydrocephalus becomes untreatable?

    <p>1 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals with executive function impairment?

    <p>Difficulty following detailed sequence of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of experiencing difficulty with comprehension?

    <p>Difficulty following detailed sequence of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible symptom of hydrocephalus in infants?

    <p>Bulging fontanelle and increasing head size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible treatment option for hydrocephalus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals with short attention span?

    <p>Difficulty keeping to task and daydreaming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible symptom of blocked shunt?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition of Hydrocephalus

    • Hydrocephalus occurs when there is a blockage in the circulation of CSF from spaces within the brain (ventricles) out over the surface of the brain and down the spinal cord.
    • When too much CSF gets trapped in the pathway, the ventricles expand and put pressure on the brain.

    Aetiology-Based Classification

    • Primary (Brain Malformation): Dysgenetic (Focal - Aqueductal Stenosis, Global - Holoprosencephaly)
    • Secondary: Trauma, Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage, Infection, Tumour

    Classification

    • Communicating Hydrocephalus: occurs when more CSF is produced than can be reabsorbed (e.g. meningitis, traumatic brain injury)
    • Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus: blockage in the flow of CSF (e.g. spina bifida, tumours, meningitis)

    CSF

    • CSF is a clear, colourless fluid that provides nutrients to the brain and spinal cord and takes away waste products.
    • It acts as a shock absorber between the skull and the brain, and between the spinal cord and the spine.

    CSF Production and Absorption

    • 50-80% of CSF is produced by the Choroid Plexus through an energy-dependent process.
    • 20-50% is a by-product of CNS metabolism.
    • Primary site of absorption is the Sagittal Sinus, through a passive process.

    Symptoms

    • High-pitched cry, poor feeding, vomiting, large head, full and hard fontanelles.
    • Headache, lethargy, and sunset eyes (where the white of the eye can be seen at the top of the eye).

    Signs

    • Large head size or rapidly growing head.
    • Full fontanelles ('soft spot') in a baby.
    • 'Sunset eyes' and frontal bossing (the forehead more prominent).

    Long-term Effects

    • Children with spina bifida may have physical problems, learning difficulties, and difficulty concentrating.
    • Some may have vision problems, epilepsy, headaches, and early onset of puberty.
    • Fine motor skills may be impaired, affecting drawing and sports.
    • Short-term memory impairment, short attention span, and diminished motivation/initiation.

    Management

    • Drainage, surgery, and medication.
    • Third ventriculostomy and shunt management (with potential complications of blocked shunt).

    Definition of Hydrocephalus

    • Hydrocephalus occurs when there is a blockage in the circulation of CSF from spaces within the brain (ventricles) out over the surface of the brain and down the spinal cord.
    • When too much CSF gets trapped in the pathway, the ventricles expand and put pressure on the brain.

    Aetiology-Based Classification

    • Primary (Brain Malformation): Dysgenetic (Focal - Aqueductal Stenosis, Global - Holoprosencephaly)
    • Secondary: Trauma, Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage, Infection, Tumour

    Classification

    • Communicating Hydrocephalus: occurs when more CSF is produced than can be reabsorbed (e.g. meningitis, traumatic brain injury)
    • Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus: blockage in the flow of CSF (e.g. spina bifida, tumours, meningitis)

    CSF

    • CSF is a clear, colourless fluid that provides nutrients to the brain and spinal cord and takes away waste products.
    • It acts as a shock absorber between the skull and the brain, and between the spinal cord and the spine.

    CSF Production and Absorption

    • 50-80% of CSF is produced by the Choroid Plexus through an energy-dependent process.
    • 20-50% is a by-product of CNS metabolism.
    • Primary site of absorption is the Sagittal Sinus, through a passive process.

    Symptoms

    • High-pitched cry, poor feeding, vomiting, large head, full and hard fontanelles.
    • Headache, lethargy, and sunset eyes (where the white of the eye can be seen at the top of the eye).

    Signs

    • Large head size or rapidly growing head.
    • Full fontanelles ('soft spot') in a baby.
    • 'Sunset eyes' and frontal bossing (the forehead more prominent).

    Long-term Effects

    • Children with spina bifida may have physical problems, learning difficulties, and difficulty concentrating.
    • Some may have vision problems, epilepsy, headaches, and early onset of puberty.
    • Fine motor skills may be impaired, affecting drawing and sports.
    • Short-term memory impairment, short attention span, and diminished motivation/initiation.

    Management

    • Drainage, surgery, and medication.
    • Third ventriculostomy and shunt management (with potential complications of blocked shunt).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Paediatric Hydrocephalus version 2.ppt

    Description

    Learn about the definition and causes of hydrocephalus, including primary and secondary aetiology-based classification.

    More Like This

    Neurology: Hydrocephalus and Intracranial Pressure
    5 questions

    Neurology: Hydrocephalus and Intracranial Pressure

    NourishingCentaur avatar
    NourishingCentaur
    Hydrocephalus Causes and Diagnosis
    9 questions

    Hydrocephalus Causes and Diagnosis

    RejoicingSynthesizer avatar
    RejoicingSynthesizer
    Hydrocephalus Causes and Types
    10 questions

    Hydrocephalus Causes and Types

    PunctualRetinalite868 avatar
    PunctualRetinalite868
    Paediatric Hydrocephalus Definition
    22 questions

    Paediatric Hydrocephalus Definition

    TimelyIvory avatar
    TimelyIvory
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser