Hydrocele Surgery Techniques

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What is the main aetiological agent responsible for filariasis of the cord and epididymis?

Lymphatic obstruction
Filarial parasites
Wuchereria Bancrofti worms (correct)
Streptococcal bacteria

What is the most common type of filarial lesion affecting the spermatic cord and epididymis?

Acute suppurative type
Nodular type
Diffuse type (correct)
Acute catarrhal type

What is the primary indication for surgical treatment of filarial lesions?

Severe pain
Suspected malignancy
Chronic oedema and fibrosis
All of the above (correct)

What is the characteristic feature of the acute suppurative type of filarial funiculo-epididymitis?

Multiple abscesses in the cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical presentation of acute filarial funiculo-epididymitis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical finding in the tunica vaginalis in acute filarial funiculo-epididymitis?

Hydrocele (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of pain felt in the early stages of torsion of testis?

Lower abdomen, groin, and loin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the swelling in torsion of undescended testis?

Tense, tender inguinal swelling with empty scrotum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between torsion of testis and acute epididymo-orchitis?

Presence of shock (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the investigation of choice for torsion of testis?

Duplex ultrasound (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for subtotal excision of the tunica in the treatment of hydrocele?

Large thick wall hydrocele, haematocele or pyocele (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is surgical treatment for congenital and infantile hydrocele delayed to the end of the first year of life?

Because spontaneous normal closure of the proximal part of the processus vaginalis usually occurs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for a gangrenous testis in torsion of testis?

Orchidectomy for the affected testis and fixation of the other testis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the vomiting in torsion of testis?

Once or twice, not persistent (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication of aspiration as a palliative measure for hydrocele?

Recurrence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of varicocele?

Familial congenital weakness of the mesenchyme (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of sterile males with varicocele?

40% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surgical method used to treat encysted hydrocele of the cord?

Excision (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for conservative treatment in varicocele management?

Early uncomplicated cases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of prevention of venous reflux in surgical treatment of varicocele?

To occlude the veins of the testis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly used surgical approach for varicocele treatment nowadays?

Laparoscopic surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of percutaneous embolization in varicocele treatment?

It is a minimal invasive procedure with same day discharge (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of percutaneous embolization in varicocele treatment?

Insertion of a detachable balloon or metal coils (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of microsurgery in inguinal approach for varicocele treatment?

It allows for more precise ligation and division of pampiniform plexus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of malignant teratoma anaplastica?

It consists of malignant undifferentiated embryonic tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of testicular malignancy involves affection of lymph nodes above the diaphragm?

Stage III (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of lymphatic spread in seminoma?

Para-aortic LNs → cysterna chyli → thoracic duct → Virchow’s glands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the tumour in malignant teratoma trophoblastica?

It consists of malignant syncytial cells & cytotrophoblast (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of testicular malignancy?

Spread (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the testicular swelling in typical cases of testicular malignancy?

Hard, irregular, not tender testicular swelling (C) Signup and view all the answers