Fuels and other compounds: MCQ 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the general formula for alkanes?

  • CₙH₂ₙ₊₁
  • CₙH₂ₙ
  • CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (correct)
  • CₙH₂ₙ₋₂

    • What is the characteristic of saturated hydrocarbons?

  • They contain at least one carbon to carbon triple bond
  • They have a benzene ring in their structure
  • They have only single carbon to carbon covalent bonds (correct)
  • They contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond

    • What is the name of the C₅ alkane?

  • Pentane (correct)
  • Butane
  • Hexane
  • Heptane

    • What is the test to determine unsaturation in hydrocarbons?

    <p>Turn acidified KMnO₄ from pink to colourless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure and formula of cyclohexane?

    <p>C₆H₁₂, cyclohexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

    <p>Benzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane?

    <p>CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkenes?

    <p>CₙH₂ₙ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of saturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the C₃ alkene?

    <p>Propene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility of alkanes?

    <p>Soluble in cyclohexane but insoluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cyclohexane?

    <p>It is a non-polar solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkynes?

    <p>CₙH₂ₙ₋₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the C₂ alkyne?

    <p>Ethyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrocarbons

    • Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only, bonded together covalently.
    • They are commonly used as fuels.
    • Examples include crude oil, methane, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

    Classification of Hydrocarbons

    • Aliphatic hydrocarbons: consist of chains of carbon or certain rings of carbon.
    • Aromatic hydrocarbons: include a benzene ring in their structure.

    Cyclohexane

    • Cyclohexane is a saturated compound containing only C – C bonds.
    • It is an important non-polar solvent.
    • Despite having polar C-H bonds, it is non-polar overall due to symmetry.
    • Non-polar solutes will dissolve in non-polar solvents.
    • Its structural formula is C6H12.

    Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

    • Saturated hydrocarbons: have only single carbon to carbon covalent bonds.
    • Unsaturated hydrocarbons: contain at least one carbon to carbon double or triple bond.
    • Test for unsaturation: Turn acidified KMnO4 from pink to colorless, or decolourise red/brown bromine water.

    Homologous Series

    • A homologous series is a family of organic compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical properties, and successive members differing by CH2.
    • Examples include alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

    Alkanes

    • General formula: CnH2n+2.
    • Bond type: C - C.
    • Solubility: Alkanes are non-polar, soluble in cyclohexane, and insoluble in water.
    • Examples: C1 → C4 are gases, C5 → C15 are liquids, and ≥ C16 are waxy solids.
    • Must know: names and structural formulas up to C8, structural isomers of C4 and C5.

    Alkenes

    • General formula: CnH2n.
    • Bond type: C = C.
    • Solubility: Alkenes are non-polar, soluble in cyclohexane, and insoluble in water.
    • Examples: C2 → C4 are gases, and ≥ C5 are liquids or solids.
    • Must know: names and structural formulas up to C4, structural isomers of C4.

    Alkynes

    • General formula: CnH2n-2.
    • Bond type: C ≡ C.
    • Solubility: Alkynes are non-polar, soluble in cyclohexane, and insoluble in water.
    • Examples: C2H2 is a gas.
    • Must know: names and structural formulas up to C2 alkyne, uses of C2 alkyne.
    • Ethyne (C2H2): used in welding, burns in oxygen at approx. 3,000°C, has a sweetish scent, and burns in air with a sooty flame.

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    Description

    Learn about hydrocarbons, their composition, and classification into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Understand the different types of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

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